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. 2020 Nov 23;10:20323. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76346-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Circulating levels of (A) betaine, (B) choline, (C) trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and (D) body temperature in garden dormice at different time points during hibernation, i.e. non-hibernation (black bars), torpor status (grey bars, stratified into early and late torpor), and interbout interval (white bars, stratified into early and intermediate interbout interval). Results are shown as median (interquartile range). Overall p values between the five groups were assessed by non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test. Group-wise comparisons using Bonferroni post hoc analysis are described in the Results section. Number of animals included in each group is depicted.