Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics by Ethnicity
| Variables | Puerto Rican | Dominican | Other Hispanic | Non-Hispanic White | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (60–93; years, mean) | 69.7 | 69.2 | 70.9 | 72.9 | 70.6 |
| Above poverty (threshold = 1; income, mean) | +9% | −5% | +74% | +92% | +38% |
| Education (0–17; years, mean) | 4.86 | 4.86 | 7.43 | 11.3 | 6.67 |
| Language inclusion (1–3; mean level)a | 2.12 | 1.83 | 2.29 | 2.99 | 2.32 |
| Health problems (0–12; mean, number) | 2.32 | 2.08 | 1.68 | 1.90 | 2.08 |
| Disability (0–17; mean, number) | 2.86 | 2.11 | 1.92 | 1.51 | 2.10 |
| CES-D score (mean)b | 16.2 | 13.2 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 13.5 |
| Total (%) | 46 | 14 | 16 | 24 | 100 |
Note: CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies on Depression.
a.
Language inclusion: 1 = isolated; 2 = partial inclusion, 3 = inclusion.
b.
CES-D-Score ≥16 = symptomatic of depression.