Table 4.

Association between absence of a labour companion and mistreatment*†‡

	Any physical abuse, verbal abuse, or stigma or discrimination	Physical abuse	Verbal abuse	Non-consented vaginal examination	Poor communication between healthcare providers and women	Felt ignored, neglected or their presence was a nuisance to health workers	Waited for long periods of time to be attended by health workers
	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Ghana	0.8 (0.6–1.06)	0.5 (0.3–0.9)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	2.3 (1.7–3.1)	2.0 (1.3–3.2)	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	1.0 (0.7–1.4)
Guinea	3.6 (1.9–6.9)	5.2 (1.8–14.4)	2.7 (1.3–5.5)	3.2 (1.6–6.4)	1.3 (0.6–2.5)	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	1.0 (0.5–2.3)
Nigeria	1.2 (0.8–1.6)	1.0 (0.6–1.5)	1.1 (0.8–1.6)	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	1.8 (0.9–3.2)	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.6 (0.3–0.9)

Bold=significant Χ² at p<0.05.

*AORs adjusted for maternal age, education, marital status and parity.

†Reference is labour companion present at any point during care.

‡Myanmar is not included in the model because 99.7% of women reported having a labour companion.

AOR, adjusted OR.