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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020 Jul 4;117:111251. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111251

Fig. 2:

Fig. 2:

Characterization of the GemRA conjugate by (A) 1H NMR and (B) LC-MS demonstrating the purity of the conjugate and in (C) an assessment of the efficacy of the GemRA conjugate in vitro versus free gemcitabine (Gem), retinoic acid (RA) and DMSO alone (measurements in duplicate). Drug solubilization was done in DMSO and compared to DMSO alone due to poor solubility of GemRA in water. The p values are based on the Welch’s t-test (p ≤ 0.05 for significance). a The x-axis shows concentration of drugs not DMSO, the DMSO plot is based on matching the volume of DMSO used in solubilization of the drug that was added for each treatment.