Table 1.

Studies analyzing the epigenetic effects of different fatty acids concerning inflammatory conditions

Type fatty acid	Dose/concentration	Study model	Epigenetic signatures	Modification types	Inflammation	Reference
Trans fatty acid elaidate sup	50 μM	THP-1 monocytes	Global DNA methylation	↑	↑	[20]
Saturated fatty acids stearate and palmitate	200 μM palmitate and 200 μM stearate	Bone marrow–derived macrophages	PPARγ1 promoter DNA methylation	↑	↑	[21]
n-6 PUFA	Intake inversely associated	Peripheral white blood cells	TNFα gene promoter methylation	↓	↑	[22]
n3-PUFA supplementation	3 g	Blood leukocyte	Differentially methylated CpG sites related to inflammatory and immune response	ND	↓	[24]
Arachidonic acid	100 μM	THP-1 cells	Global DNA methylation	↑	↑	[25]
n3-PUFA supplementation	EPA and DHA provided in the form of 0.5% Gromega™	Five sows	On chromosome 4, a 27.7-kb differentially methylated region downstream of RUNX1T1 gene	↓	↓	[196]
n3-PUFA supplementation	EPA and DHA provided in the form of 0.5% Gromega™	Five sows	Intergenic regions of chromosomes 4 and 12	↑	↓	[196]
Oleic acid supplementation	5 μM	THP-1 cells	Global DNA methylation	↑	↓	[20]
Oleic acid supplementation	100 μM	THP-1 cells	Global DNA methylation	↓	↓	[25]

ND non-determined