Table 2.

Factors associated with Malnutrition among elderly people in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia

Factors	Nutritional status						χ2 (p value)
	Malnourished No (freq.)		At risk of malnutrition No (freq.)		Normal No (freq.)
Sex
Male	43	15%	147	51%	101	35%	1.16 (0.281)
Female	50	17%	159	53%	92	31%
Live with whom
Alone	8	11%	37	53%	25	36%	0.95 (0.329)
With others	85	16%	269	52%	168	32%
Religion
Muslim	69	24%	151	52%	70	24%	34.2 (0.000)
Christian	24	8%	155	51%	123	41%
Marital status
Married	24	8%	157	54%	111	38%	42.3 (0.000)
Divorced	13	15%	55	63%	20	23%
Widowed	56	26%	94	44%	62	29%
Educational status
Illiterate	76	24%	153	48%	87	28%	32.16 (0.000)
Primary school	13	7%	104	59%	59	34%
Grade8 & above	4	4%	49	49%	47	47%
Work at the moment
Yes	11	4%	144	53%	116	43%	53.4 (0.000)
No	80	25%	162	51%	74	23%
Occupation
Farmer	1	3%	19	49%	19	49%	47.60 (0.000)*
Private	11	5%	111	53%	87	42%
Government	1	3%	20	59%	13	38%
Not have work	79	26%	155	50%	74	24%
Residence
Urban	4	5%	35	43%	42	52%	18.41 (0.000)
Rural	87	17%	271	53%	150	30%
Who covers your expense?
Yes	13	5%	140	54%	105	41%	6.16 (0.013)*
No	77	24%	164	50%	86	26%
Health insurance
Yes	5	5%	53	56%	36	38%	34.6 (0.000)
No	85	17%	252	51%	155	32%
Pension fee
Yes	34	20%	85	51%	49	29%	3.3 (0.071)*
No	59	14%	221	52%	144	34%
Chronic pain
Yes	89	26%	179	51%	81	23%	67.1 (0.0001)
No	4	2%	127	52%	112	46%
Insomnia
Yes	71	22%	169	51%	90	27%	20.3 (0.0001)
No	22	8%	137	52%	103	39%
Khat chewing
Yes	20	10%	114	54%	76	36%	6.58 (0.01)
No	72	19%	192	50%	117	31%
Smoking
Yes	71	22%	169	51%	90	27%	4.26 (0.039)
No	22	8%	137	52%	103	39%
Hospitalization in previous year
Yes	60	31%	99	51%	37	19%	57.3(0.0001)
No	33	8%	207	52%	156	39%
Chewing problem
Yes	70	18%	197	52%	114	30%	6.7 (0.01)
No	23	11%	109	52%	79	37%
Physical exercise
Yes	15	11%	75	56%	45	33%	1.2 (0.296)
No	78	17%	231	51%	148	32%
Depression
Depression	75	40%	84	45%	28	15%	106.02 (0.0001)
No depression	18	4%	222	55%	165	41%