Table 4.
Independent effects of lagged pain, insomnia and depressive symptoms on falls
| Variables | Model 1OR (95%CI) | Model 2 OR (95%CI) |
Model 3 OR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pain only | 1.39 (1.27–1.54) *** | 1.42 (1.28–1.56) *** | 1.36 (1.23–1.50) *** |
| Insomnia only | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) * | 1.15 (1.02–1.29) * | 1.13 (1.00–1.27) |
| Depression only | 1.44 (1.25–1.66) *** | 1.49 (1.29–1.73) *** | 1.43 (1.23–1.67) *** |
| Pain & Insomnia | |||
| Pain | 1.39 (1.26–1.53) *** | 1.41 (1.28–1.56) *** | 1.36 (1.23–1.51) *** |
| Insomnia | 1.13 (1.00 §-1.27) * | 1.12 (1.00 §-1.26) * | 1.11 (0.98–1.25) |
| Pain & Depression | |||
| Pain | 1.40 (1.27–1.54) *** | 1.42 (1.28–1.56) *** | 1.36 (1.22–1.50) *** |
| Depression | 1.39 (1.21–1.61) *** | 1.44 (1.25–1.67) *** | 1.40 (1.21–1.63) *** |
| Insomnia & Depression | |||
| Insomnia | 1.12 (1.00–1.26) | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) |
| Depression | 1.42 (1.23–1.64) *** | 1.47 (1.27–1.71) *** | 1.43 (1.23–1.66) *** |
| Pain & Insomnia & Depression | |||
| Pain | 1.39 (1.26–1.54) *** | 1.41 (1.28–1.56) *** | 1.36 (1.22–1.51) *** |
| Insomnia | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) |
| Depression | 1.38 (1.20–1.60) *** | 1.44 (1.24–1.66) *** | 1.40 (1.20–1.63) *** |
Model 1: independent variables of interest
Model 2: Model 1 + demographic covariates (age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, living arrangement)
Model 3: Model 2 + health-related covariates (BMI, smoking, vigorous activities, number of chronic illnesses, hospitalization)
*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001
§ Please note that this figure looks like the confident interval includes 1. However, the p-value was still < 0.05