Table 2.
Associations of maternal and neonatal factors with cesarean delivery among primipara with singleton pregnancies
| Variables | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal | ||
| Age (years) | ||
| < 20 | 0.7 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) |
| 20–24 | Ref | Ref |
| 25–29 | 1.2 (1.2, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) |
| 30–34 | 1.7 (1.6, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) |
| > 34 | 2.6 (2.4, 2.7) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.2) |
| Gravidity | ||
| 1 | Ref | Ref |
| 2–3 | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) |
| > 3 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) |
| Year | ||
| 1995–1999 | Ref | Ref |
| 2000–2004 | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) |
| 2005–2009 | 1.9 (1.8, 2.0) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) |
| 2010–2014 | 1.6 (1.5, 1.7) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) |
| 2015–2019 | 1.3 (1.3, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) |
| Season | ||
| Spring | Ref | Ref |
| Summer | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
| Autumn | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) |
| Winter | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) |
| Neonatal | ||
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) |
| Female | Ref | Ref |
| Weight (g) | ||
| < 1500 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) |
| 1500–2499 | 1.4 (1.3, 1.4) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) |
| 2500–3999 | Ref | Ref |
| 4000–4499 | 1.9 (1.8, 2.0) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.8) |
| > 4499 | 1.9 (1.8, 2.1) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.2) |
Adjusted for gestational age, complications, fetal position, and GDP per capita at childbirth year; Bold values represent statistical significance (two-sided p < 0.05)