TABLE 1.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics
| Sitagliptin n = 19 | Canaglifozin n = 17 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 15 (78.9) | 13 (76.5) | .86 |
| Age, y | 54.3 ± 8.8 | 58 ± 6.1 | .15 |
| Caucasian | 7 (36.8) | 10 (58.8) | .19 |
| Non‐Hispanic | 18 (94.7) | 14 (82.4) | .33 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 38.8 ± 7 | 34.5 ± 6.6 | .06 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130.4 ± 20.4 | 130.8 ± 17.1 | .96 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 72 ± 13.4 | 72.5 ± 13.2 | .93 |
| Hypertension | 17 (89.5) | 16 (94.1) | .62 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 16 (84.2) | 15 (88.2) | .73 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 (26.3) | 4 (23.5) | 1 |
| Current tobacco | 3 (15.8) | 5 (29.4) | .43 |
| Coronary artery disease | 7 (36.8) | 9 (52.9) | .33 |
| Myocardial infarction | 5 (26.3) | 4 (23.5) | 1 |
| CABG | 0 | 3 (17.6) | .10 |
| COPD | 2 (10.5) | 3 (17.6) | .65 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3 (15.8) | 3 (17.6) | 1 |
| Stroke/TIA | 3 (15.8) | 1 (5.9) | .61 |
| Heart failure therapy | |||
| Aldosterone blockers | 13 (68.4) | 9 (52.9) | .34 |
| Angiotensin blockers | 11 (57.9) | 14 (82.4) | .11 |
| ARNI | 4 (21.1) | 2 (11.8) | .66 |
| Aspirin | 12 (63.2) | 13 (76.5) | .39 |
| Digoxin | 0 | 1 (5.9) | .47 |
| DOACs | 5 (26.3) | 3 (17.6) | .70 |
| Hydralazine | 3 (15.8) | 3 (17.6) | 1 |
| ICD | 7 (36.8) | 5 (29.4) | .64 |
| Loop diuretics | 18 (94.7) | 13 (76.5) | .11 |
| Nitrates | 6 (31.6) | 3 (17.6) | .45 |
| Statins | 17 (89.5) | 17 (100) | .17 |
| Warfarin | 3 (15.8) | 1 (5.9) | .61 |
| β‐adrenergic receptor blockers | 18 (94.7) | 16 (94.1) | .94 |
| Glucose‐lowering agents | |||
| Biguanides | 10 (52.6) | 10 (58.8) | .71 |
| DPP4 inhibitors | 1 (5.3) | 0 | .53 |
| GLP1 receptor agonists | 0 | 1 (5.9) | .47 |
| Insulin | 6 (31.6) | 11 (64.7) | .051 |
| Sulfonylureas | 5 (26.3) | 1 (5.9) | .13 |
| NYHA class and quality of life | |||
| II | 12 (63.2) | 10 (58.8) | .93 |
| III | 7 (36.8) | 7 (41.2) | .79 |
| MLHFQ score | 38.4 ± 26.6 | 49.2 ± 26.8 | .43 |
| Doppler echocardiography parameters | |||
| LVEF, % | 27.0 ± 6.8 | 31.6 ± 7.5 | .28 |
| E/e′ ratio | 13.8 (11.4‐18.2) | 12.4 ± (8.6‐30.0) | .42 |
| Deceleration time velocity, ms | 179 (153‐211) | 205 (159‐263) | .57 |
| LVESV index | 61 (43‐76) | 36 (27‐57) | .42 |
| LVEDV index | 78 (65‐108) | 58 (42‐83) | .42 |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters | |||
| Exercise time, s | 551 ± 108 | 561 ± 143 | .82 |
| Peak VO2, mL Kg−1 min−1 | 15.3 ± 3.5 | 16.2 ± 3.4 | .43 |
| Peak VO2, mL KgLM −1 min−1 | 22.9 ± 5.0 | 25.2 ± 5.4 | .27 |
| Respiratory exchange ratio | 1.04 ± 0.4 | 1.12 ± 0.1 | .01 |
| VAT, mL Kg−1 min−1 | 11.6 ± 3 | 11.7 ± 2.2 | .95 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 32.6 ± 7.2 | 34 ± 6.1 | .52 |
| Laboratory | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.09 ± 0.32 | 1.12 ± 0.24 | .74 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL min−1/1.73 m2) | 83.3 ± 22 | 74.7 ± 19 | .22 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.3 ± 1.3 | 8.3 ± 1.4 | .91 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 13.6 ± 1.6 | .37 |
| NTproBNP (pg/mL) | 492 (330‐961) | 243 (74‐750) | .10 |
| Red blood cells (×106/mL) | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | .66 |
| White blood cells (×103/mL) | 7.2 ± 2.2 | 7.6 ± 2.3 | .62 |
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; DOACs, direct oral anti‐coagulants; DPP, dipeptidyl peptidase; GLP, glucagon‐like peptide; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator; LM, lean mass; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; MLHFQ, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; NTproBNP, N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart association; TIA, transient ischemic attack; VAT, ventilatory anaerobic threshold; VE/VCO2, minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production; VO2, oxygen consumption.