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. 2020 Nov 20;11:879–890. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S259718

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© 2020 Baugh et al.

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Mean change in JSPE score from first to last measurement in every study. Y-axis is change in score. Studies not utilizing the JSPE and those reporting likelihood ratios excluded. Primary data for calculating standard deviations was not available for all studies and was consequently omitted.