Table 3. Results of the logistic regression analyses of the relationship between socio-demographics and adolescent’s adverse experiences, and tobacco and other substance use in Bangladesh: Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS), 2014.
| Risk factors | Tobacco use | Other substance use |
|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI)a | AOR (95% CI)a | |
| Age | ||
| 11–12 years(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 13 years | 6.03 (1.49–25.36) * | 2.91 (0.59–14.36) |
| 14 years | 2.91 (0.63–12.59) | 1.04 (0.18–5.87) |
| 15 years | 3.82 (0.79–18.50) | 0.97 (0.15–6.57) |
| 16–18 years | 3.25 (0.64–16.49) | 1.81 (0.26–12.76) |
| School grade | ||
| Class 7(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Class 8 | 1.72 (0.59–4.99) | 1.15 (0.41–3.28) |
| Class 9 | 3.09 (1.17–8.12) * | 0.34 (0.13–0.93) |
| Class 10 | 5.00 (1.75–14.28) ** | 0.73 (0.17–3.14) |
| Gender | ||
| Male(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.21 (0.13–0.34) *** | 0.42 (0.25–0.70) *** |
| Food insecurity | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.72 (0.43–1.21) | 0.92 (0.33–2.55) |
| Adverse Psychosocial Factors | ||
| Loneliness | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.51 (0.77–2.96) | 3.27 (1.14–9.44) * |
| Anxiety | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2.41 (1.02–5.82) * | 2.61 (0.77–8.85) |
| Bullied | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.93 (1.24–3.00) ** | 3.43 (1.46–7.99) ** |
| No close friends | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.47 (0.18–1.22) | 0.34 (0.05–2.11) |
| Sexual history | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 19.38 (12.43–30.21) *** | 5.34 (2.17–13.29) *** |
| Physically abused | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.80 (0.52–1.23) | 1.76 (0.63–4.87) |
| Adverse Socio-Environmental Factors | ||
| People use tobacco in presence of adolescents | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.88 (0.59–1.28) | 1.28 (0.59–2.79) |
| Parental tobacco or drug use | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 7.81 (5.08–12.01) *** | 1.62 (0.72–3.63) |
| Poor understanding with parents | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2.22 (1.36–3.65) ** | 1.05 (0.43–2.53) |
| Poor parental monitoring | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.96 (1.16–3.31) ** | 0.81 (0.35–1.88) |
| Lack of peer support | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3.13 (1.84–5.31) *** | 2.45 (1.02–5.91) * |
| Truancy | ||
| No(RC) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.08 (0.70–1.65) | 4.29 (1.81–10.12) ** |
Note:
aModel was adjusted for all the variables included in this table. Values with superscript asterisks *, **, and *** indicate p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001, respectively. (RC): Reference category, AOR: adjusted odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.