Table 7. Logistic regression analysis of 238 participants with low back pain for relative changes in Oswestry disability index following spinal manipulative therapy resulting in an 8-variable model.

Predictor	ß	Std. Error	Wald	P-Value	Odds ratio (eß)	95% Confidence Interval		Interpretation
						Lower limit	Upper limit
Height	-0.29	0.07	16.13	0.00	0.75	0.65	0.86	Shorter, more improvement
Gender	-0.87	0.28	11.41	0.00	0.42	0.24	0.73	Male, more improvement
Current pain duration	0.00	0.00	6.35	0.01	1.00	1.00	1.00	No changes
Depression	-0.39	0.22	3.32	0.07	0.68	0.44	1.03	Not significant
Neck or upper back pain	-0.63	0.21	9.25	0.00	0.53	0.35	0.80	No neck or upper back pain, more improvement
Pain frequency in the past 6 months	0.81	0.18	20.23	0.00	2.25	1.58	3.20	More pain frequency, more improvement
Patient’s expectation on medication	-0.72	0.20	13.23	0.00	0.49	0.33	0.72	Lower expectation, more improvement
Patient’s expectation on strengthening exercises	0.90	0.35	6.60	0.01	2.47	1.24	4.93	Higher expectation, more improvement
The STarT Back Tool	-0.31	0.10	8.80	0.00	0.74	0.60	0.90	Lower score, more improvement
Extension status	0.39	0.18	4.77	0.03	1.48	1.04	2.11	Peripheralized pain with extension, more improvement