Table 1. Maternal clinical and biochemical parameters in NGT and GDM pregnancies.

Parameters	Units	NGT	GDM
n		48	23
age	years	29.9 ± 5.6 (27.9–31.9)	29.5 ± 6.9 (26.0–33.1)
Height	M	1.60 ± 0.1 (1.57–1.61)	1.61 ± 0.1 (1.55–1.66)
Weight 1T	kg	77.8 ± 5.6 (75.3–80.1)	78.3 ± 5.2 (75.2–80.3)
Weight 3T	kg	88.8 ± 9.3 (85.5–91.1)	91.5 ± 5.5 (88.2–93.7)
Weight Gain (3T-1T)	kg	11.0 ± 1.0 (9.9–11.8)	13.2 ± 1.9* (12.3–14.1)
BMI 1T	kg/m2	30.3 ± 3.9 (28.5–32.0)	30.2 ± 3.8 (28.1–32.3)
BMI 3T	kg/m2	32.3 ± 5.6 (29.1–35.5)	31.5 ± 4.0 (29.5–33.4)
Basal Glycaemia 1T	mg/dl	81.1 ± 5.5 (78.7–83.7)	81.6 ± 2.1 (80.7–82.9)
Basal Glycaemia 2T	mg/dl	82.4 ± 0.9 (81.9–82.8)	87.7 ± 4.8* (85.9–90.1)
Glycaemia 2h post 75 g (2T)	mg/dl	109.0 ± 9.6 (101.2–114.4)	161.3 ± 9.7* (155.8–172.4)
Maternal thyroid hormone profile at the first trimester
TSH	mIU/L	2.0 ± 1.3 (1.7–2.6)	2.3 ± 1.9 (1.2–3.4)
FT4	ng/dl	1.0 ± 0.2 (0.9–1.1)	0.9 ± 0.2 (0.8–1.0)
TT4	μg/ml	11.4 ± 1.9 (10.5–12.4)	11.5 ± 1.7 (10.7–12.5)
TT3	ng/ml	1.7 ± 0.2 (1.6–1.8)	1.9 ± 0.1* (1.9–2.0)
Maternal thyroid hormone profile at the second trimester
TSH	mIU/L	2.0 ± 0.8 (1.6–2.4)	2.9 ± 1.2* (2.3–3.5)
FT4	ng/dl	0.8 ± 0.1 (0.7–0.9)	0.8 ± 0.3 (0.6–0.9)
TT4	μg/ml	12.7 ± 1.8 (11.6–13.4)	13.3 ± 3.0 (11.8–14.9)
TT3	ng/ml	1.9 ± 0.3 (1.7–2.0)	2.2 ± 0.2* (2.1–2.3)
Maternal thyroid hormone profile at the third trimester
TSH	mIU/L	2.1 ± 0.4 (1.9–2.3)	3.4 ± 1.0* (2.9–3.9)
FT4	ng/dl	0.7 ± 0.1 (0.6–0.8)	0.7 ± 0.1 (0.6–0.7)
TT4	μg/ml	11.1 ± 1.7 (10.1–12.3)	12.5 ± 1.4* (11.7–13.3)
TT3	ng/ml	1.6 ± 0.2 (1.5–1.7)	2.3 ± 0.1*† (2.2–2.3)

NGT: Normal tolerance glucose. GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus.1T: first trimester; 2T: second trimester; 3T: Third trimester; BMI: Body Mass Index. TSH: Thyroid Stimulant Hormone. FT₄: Free Thyroxine. TT₄: Total Thyroxine. TT₃: Total triiodothyronine. Mean ± S.D. (range).

*P<0.05 versus NGT.

†P<0.05 versus TT₃ at the first trimester.