| Cardiovascular risk |
Adults should be routinely assessed for
psychosocial stressors and provided with appropriate
counseling (S2.1-31). Health literacy should be assessed every 4 to 6 y
to maximize recommendation effectiveness (S2.1-36). |
| Diet |
In addition to the prescription of diet
modifications, body size perception, as well as social and
cultural influences, should be assessed (S2.1-37, S2.1-38). Potential barriers to adhering to a heart-healthy
diet should be assessed, including food access and economic
factors; these factors may be particularly relevant to
persons from vulnerable populations, such as individuals
residing in either inner-city or rural environments, those
at socioeconomic disadvantage, and those of advanced
age* (S2.1-39). |
| Exercise and physical activity |
In addition to the prescription of exercise,
neighborhood environment and access to facilities for
physical activity should be assessed (S2.1-30, S2.1-40, S2.1-41).
|
| Obesity and weight loss |
Lifestyle counseling for weight loss should include
assessment of and interventional recommendations for
psychosocial stressors, sleep hygiene, and other
individualized barriers (S2.1-42–S2.1-44). Weight maintenance should be promoted in patients
with overweight/obesity who are unable to achieve
recommended weight loss. |
| Diabetes mellitus |
In addition to the prescription of type 2 diabetes
mellitus interventions, environmental and psychosocial
factors, including depression, stress, self-efficacy, and
social support, should be assessed to improve achievement of
glycemic control and adherence to treatment (S2.1-45–S2.1-48).
|
| High blood pressure |
Short sleep duration (<6 h) and poor-quality
sleep are associated with high blood pressure and should be
considered (S2.1-49).
Because other lifestyle habits can impact blood pressure,
access to a healthy, low-sodium diet and viable exercise
options should also be considered.
|
| Tobacco treatment |
Social support is another potential determinant of
tobacco use. Therefore, in adults who use tobacco,
assistance and arrangement for individualized and group
social support counseling are recommended (S2.1-50, S2.1-51).
|
