Table 2. Associations of maternal hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and its interaction with infant sex on amygdala microstructure.

		Model 1	Model 2			Model 3
Side tested	Image metric	R2	R2	HCC β	HCC p-value	R2	‘HCC x sex’ β	‘HCC x sex’ p-value
Left	FA	0.267	0.269	−0.048	0.858	0.359	0.677	0.010
	MD	0.405	0.405	0.018	0.858	0.413	−0.191	0.358
	ODI	0.105	0.111	0.082	0.858	0.181	−0.597	0.034
	NDI	0.530	0.534	−0.064	0.858	0.561	0.375	0.052
Right	FA	0.289	0.308	−0.148	0.269	0.342	0.415	0.083
	MD	0.492	0.523	0.189	0.143	0.530	−0.183	0.326
	ODI	0.214	0.228	0.128	0.269	0.283	−0.527	0.083
	NDI	0.554	0.562	−0.094	0.269	0.583	0.330	0.083

Model 1: Age at MRI, gestational age at birth, birth weight z-score, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2016 quintile, infant sex. Model 2: Model 1 + (maternal HCC). Model 3: Model 2 + (maternal HCC x infant sex interaction). p-values are FDR adjusted. FA, fractional anisotropy; MD, mean diffusivity; ODI, orientation dispersion index; NDI, neurite density index; HCC, hair cortisol concentration, R², coefficient of determination; β, standardised beta coefficient; p-value, FDR adjusted probability value.