Figure 4. The significantly improved sensitivity of utMeMA in the diagnosis of BCa in comparison with urine cytology and FISH.

(A–C) The UD score of patients with BCa in different grade (A), stage (B), and number (C) of tumors (n = 251). Carcinoma in situ (CIS) means all the cases that include CIS (n = 24). (D) The UD score of patients in 4 types of non–cancer diseases of the urinary system, including benign bladder lesions (BBLs), urolithiasis, benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), and other benign diseases (n = 237). The data are shown as median with the interquartile range. Statistical significance was assessed using 1-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s tests (A, B, D) and unpaired t test (2-tailed, C). (E) Distribution of predicted diagnostic status using utMeMA across patients with BCa (n = 251) with associated tumor stage, grade, cytology, and FISH results. CIS means the cases which are CIS alone (n = 2). (F–I) The sensitivity of utMeMA in BCa patients with indicated grade (F), stage (G), early-stage (H), and number (I) of tumor, in comparison with urine cytology and FISH. CIS means all the cases that include CIS (n = 24). (J) The specificity of utMeMA in patients with non–cancer diseases in comparison with urine cytology and FISH. (K) The specificity of utMeMA in patients with 4 types of non–cancer diseases. Statistical significance was assessed by χ² test (G–L). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.