. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020 Apr 13;29(7):1430–1435. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0051

Table 3.

Association between daily dietary tomato intake, daily lycopene intake, and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, the Singapore Chinese Health Study, 1993–2015

Exposure	Persons	Person-year	Cases	HR (95% CI)^*
Tomato Intake (grams/day)
1^st quartile (<1.95)	15,294	260,526	186	1.00
2^nd quartile (1.95–4.81)	15,328	270,490	132	0.70 (0.56–0.88)
3^rd quartile (4.81–8.83)	15,373	278,375	134	0.73 (0.58–0.92)
4^th quartile (≥8.83)	15,326	274,100	109	0.63 (0.49–0.81)
P_trend				0.0004
Continuous scale (grams/day)				0.98 (0.97–0.99)
Lycopene Intake (mcg/day)
1^st quartile (<263)	15,248	256,499	152	1.00
2^nd quartile (263–691)	15,296	271,024	134	0.90 (0.71–1.14)
3^rd quartile (691–1,361)	15,362	276,941	143	0.93 (0.73, 1.17)
4^th quartile (≥1,361)	15,415	279,027	132	0.91 (0.71, 1.18)
P_trend				0.5444
Continuous scale (mcg/day)				1 (1,1)

Adjusted for age, gender, dialect, BMI, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, year of enrollment, diabetes status, physical activity, and total energy intake.