TABLE 3.
HLM results for hypothesis testing.
| Variable | PS | WWB | |||||||
| Null Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Null Model | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | |
| Intercept | 3.47*** | 3.69*** | 3.77*** | 3.88*** | 3.67*** | 3.03*** | 3.87*** | 3.63*** | 3.85*** |
| Individual-level | |||||||||
| Gender | 0.05 | 0.04 | –0.06 | –0.06 | –0.07 | –0.07 | –0.07 | ||
| Age | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.02* | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Education | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.01 | –0.04 | –0.01 | –0.03 | ||
| PS | 0.40*** | 0.39*** | |||||||
| Team-level | |||||||||
| Team size | −0.20* | −0.18*** | –0.03 | 0.03 | –0.03 | –0.01 | –0.03 | ||
| Team development stage | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.11† | ||
| HL | 0.42** | 0.07 | 0.71*** | 0.69*** | 0.39** | ||||
| EMC | 0.91*** | 1.10*** | 0.77*** | ||||||
| HL*EMC | 0.62* | ||||||||
| Variance decomposition | |||||||||
| Within-group variance σ2 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| Between-group variance τ00 | 0.14*** | 0.10*** | 0.05** | 0.13*** | 0.03† | 0.12*** | 0.04** | 0.02 | 0 |
The regression coefficients are all non-standardized coefficients under the robust standard errors. †p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. HL, humble leadership; EMC, error management climate; PS, psychological safety; and WWB, work well-being. HL*EMC denotes the interaction item for HL and EMC.