. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Strength Cond Res. 2020 May 25;36(5):1271–1276. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003646

Table 2.

Comparison of tibia bone strength outcomes between interscholastic power sport athletes, low-power sport athletes, and no-power sports subjects^* (Least Squares Means adjusted for height, weight, years from PHV (maturity))

	No-Power Sports (1) Mean (SE)	Low-power Sports (2) Mean (SE)	High-power Sports (3) Mean (SE)	F-test (p-value)	1 vs. 2 (p-value)	1 vs. 3 (p-value)	2 vs. 3 (p-value)
Males (N=176)	N = 72	N = 79	N = 25
BSI (mg²/mm⁴)	121.89(3.00)	140.21(2.92)	148.77(5.30)	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	0.1656
pSSI 66% tibia (mm³)	2929.18(51.27)	3091.39(50.48)	3217.21(89.55)	0.0096	0.0271	0.0061	0.2288
Cortical content, 66% tibia (mg)	365.24(4.91)	387.91(4.83)	413.01(8.58)	<.0001	0.0014	<.0001	0.0128
Females (N=204)	N = 89	N = 38	N = 77
BSI (mg²/mm⁴)	93.01(2.01)	99.08(3.04)	104.39(2.16)	0.0009	0.0956	0.0002	0.1614
pSSI, 66% tibia (mm³)	2159.46(28.50)	2183.49(43.36)	2297.89(31.37)	0.0050	0.6424	0.0015	0.0358
Cortical content, 66% tibia (mg)	304.25(3.21)	314.97(4.88)	324.64(3.53)	0.0002	0.0670	<.0001	0.1142

Questionnaire records closest to bone scan date are used.

P-values for overall significance test for grouping from general linear models and pairwise comparisons for group least squares means (group comparison p-values are reported without adjustment for multiple comparisons, p-values<0.05/3 are statistically significant based on Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons).

Note: Standard error (SE); Peak height velocity (PHV); Bone Strength Index (BSI); polar Strength-Strain Index (pSSI).