. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Strength Cond Res. 2020 May 25;36(5):1271–1276. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003646

Table 3.

Comparison of tibia bone strength outcomes between interscholastic power sport athletes, low-power sport athletes, and no-power sports subjects^* (Least Squares Means adjusted for height, weight, years from PHV (maturity), and total level of physical activity (PAQ score))

	No-Power Sports (1) Mean (SE)	Low-power Sports (2) Mean (SE)	High-power Sports (3) Mean (SE)	F-test (p-value)	1 vs. 2 (p-value)	1 vs. 3 (p-value)	2 vs. 3 (p-value)
Males (N=176)	N = 72	N = 79	N = 25
BSI (mg²/mm⁴)	122.62(2.95)	139.63(2.88)	148.46(5.21)	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	0.1452
pSSI 66% tibia (mm³)	2937.53(50.90)	3084.33(50.07)	3214.35(88.64)	0.0150	0.0441	0.0078	0.2091
Cortical content, 66% tibia (mg)	366.28(4.83)	387.03(4.75)	412.65(8.41)	<.0001	0.0029	<.0001	0.0096
Females (N=204)	N = 89	N = 38	N = 77
BSI (mg²/mm⁴)	94.39(2.01)	98.62(2.98)	103.06(2.15)	0.0185	0.2406	0.0048	0.2314
pSSI 66% tibia (mm³)	2169.81(29.02)	2179.39(43.22)	2287.77(31.79)	0.0215	0.8544	0.0088	0.0460
Cortical content, 66% tibia (mg)	306.62(3.19)	314.03(4.75)	322.32(3.50)	0.0067	0.1974	0.0016	0.1638

Questionnaire records closest to bone scan date were used.

P-values for overall significance F-test for grouping from general linear models and pairwise comparisons for group least squares means (group comparison p-values are reported without adjustment for multiple comparisons, p-values<0.05/3 are statistically significant based on Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons).

Note: Standard error (SE); Peak height velocity (PHV); Bone Strength Index (BSI); polar Strength-Strain Index (pSSI).