Table 5.

Association between age, diabetes mellitus, and pre-diabetes with complications of COVID-19.

	Diabetes mellitus	P-value	Pre-diabetes	P-value	Age ≥50 years	P-value
Pneumonia, OR (95% CI)	2.07 (0.42–10.2)	0.3783	10.8 (3.65–32.1)	<0.0001	3.13 (1.31–8.41)	0.0116
Hyponatremia, OR (95% CI)	4.67 (0.40–54.3)	0.2194	8.83 (1.17–66.6)	0.0342	3.57 (0.58–21.9)	0.1703
Hypokalemia, OR (95% CI)	0.64 (0.07–5.16)	1.2571	4.58 (1.52–13.82)	0.0069	1.62 (0.63–4.20)	0.3227
Transaminitis, OR (95% CI)	1.88 (0.69–5.11)	0.2206	0.339 (0.08–1.52)	1.2006	1.24 (0.62–2.50)	0.5516

Data are odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), calculated using binomial logistic regression. Diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes are compared to normal glucose control (OR = 1). Age 50 and greater is compared to age <50 (OR = 1). OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.