TABLE 1.

Classification and property of antibacterial materials.

Classification	Sub-class	Antibacterial capability			References
		Gram-negative	Gram-positive	Fungus
Cationic polymers	PPy derivatives	EC, AB, BS, EC, KP, PA, ST	CR, SA		Li and Shen, 2000; Allison et al., 2007; Sellenet et al., 2007
	Poly ionic liquids	AB, EC, ECL, PA, KP	SA, VRE	AN, CA	Liu et al., 2012, 2013; Guo et al., 2018; Yuan et al., 2019
	Guanidine salts	AB, EC, KP, PA	SA		Chin et al., 2018
	COEs	AB, EC, KP	EF, SA		Liu et al., 2012; Bazan et al., 2018
	Dendritic polyethylene imine (PEI)	BS, EC, PA, SMA	EF, SA, SE, SM, SS	CA	Paula et al., 2008; Davide et al., 2013
	Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)	AB, EC, HP	CR, SA	CA	Eckert, 2011; Li et al., 2012; Lam et al., 2016; Hou et al., 2017; Pranantyo et al., 2017; Xu et al., 2019
	β-peptide polymers	AB, BS, EC, KP, PA	EF, SA		Porter et al., 2000; Mowery et al., 2007; Si et al., 2020
Antibacterial hydrogels	Polymeric hydrogel	AB, BS, EC, KP, PA, ST	CR, SA		Bai et al., 2016; Baral et al., 2016; Hoque et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017
Hydrogels containing antibacterial components	Antibiotic-containing	EC, PA	SA		Das and Pal, 2015; Gustafson et al., 2016; Hanna and Saad, 2019
	NP-containing	EC	SA		Sondi and Salopek-Sondi, 2004; Shahverdi et al., 2007; Wahid et al., 2015, 2017

AB, Acinetobacter baumannii; AC, Amphora coffeaeformis; AN, Aspergillus niger; BS, Bacillus subtilis; CA, Candida albicans; CR, Chlorella regularis; EC, Escherichia coli; ECL, Enterobacter cloacae; EF, Enterococcus faecalis; HP, Helicobacter pylori; KP, Klebsiella pneumoniae; PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; SA, Staphylococcus aureus; SE, Staphylococcus epidermidis; SM, Streptococcus mutans; SMA, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; SS, Streptococcus salivarius; ST, Salmonella typhimurium; VRE, Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.