Fig. 1.

Proliferation and migration of BCa cells changes in response to strain. MCF-7 cells (Human ER⁺), MDA-MB-231 cells (Human TNBC), and 4T1.2 cells (Murine TNBC) were exposed to 10% uniaxial oscillatory or constant strain for 48 hours. 5 × 10⁴ MCF-7 cells, 2.5 × 10⁴ MDA-MB-231 cells, and 4T1.2 cells (constant or oscillatory strained cells and unstrained cells) were seeded into 96-well plates and cultured for 48 hours. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The cell proliferation rates were normalized to the unstrained control cells. a The cell proliferation rates of MCF-7 cells exposed to constant or oscillatory strain compared to control cells. b The cell proliferation rates of MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to constant or oscillatory strain compared to control cells. c The cell proliferation rates of 4T1.2 cells exposed to constant or oscillatory strain compared to control cells. 1 × 10⁵ cells strained or unstrained MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, or 4T1.2 cells were plated in 24-well transwell inserts (8 μm pore size). After 24 hours, cell migration was evaluated via fluorescent microscope. The migration rates are shown as “average number of cells per field of view (FOV)”. d The transwell migration rates of MCF-7 cells exposed to constant or oscillatory strain compared to control cells. e The transwell migration rates of MDA-MB-231 cells exposed constant or oscillatory strain compared to control cells. f The transwell migration rates of 4T1.2 cells exposed constant or oscillatory strain compared to control cells. Statistical significance was evaluated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison testing. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005, **** P < 0.001.