FIGURE 1. SPM AT-RvD1 treatment rescues chronic secondhand smoke (SHS)-suppressed antigen-specific antibody responses.

(A) Mice were exposed for 8 wks to SHS or air control, followed by 8 wks of chronic pulmonary NTHI infection. Animals were euthanized 48 h after the final intratracheal NTHI instillation. (B) Total anti-P6 IgG antibodies were measured in endpoint serum collected at wk16 at the time of euthanasia (n=27 for air control and n=29 for SHS-exposed group). (C) Another group of mice exposed to SHS or air for 8 wks were vaccinated with 40 μg P6 lipoprotein using Freund’s adjuvant. All the animals were euthanized 8 wks after the start of vaccination (at wk 16). (D) Total anti-P6 IgG antibodies were measured in endpoint serum collected at the time of euthanasia (n = 18 for air control and n=20 for SHS-exposed groups). (E, F) Mice exposed to air control or SHS were treated with AT-RvD1 for 8 wks before either chronic infection or P6 vaccination as described in methods section. (F,H) Total anti-P6 IgG antibodies were measured in endpoint serum collected at wk20 at the time of euthanasia (n=9-10 animals/group). Data are represented as geometric mean ± 95% C.I. Two-tailed unpaired student’s t test was performed and Mann-Whitney post-test comparison was employed to show the differences between the groups. Differences were taken to be statistically significant at p <0.05.