TABLE 1.

Overview of antibiotic treatment at each participating NICU.

Hospital	FOS	SWC	SNP	BWC	PWC	AUC	CHI	COP	AMS	NEW	PER	TAI	IBA
Total included, n	403	455	93	167	241	156	177	281	174	134	152	249	149
Use of early antibiotics, n (%)	394 (98)	451 (99)	91 (98)	140 (84)	228 (95)	144 (92)	172 (97)	196 (70)	131 (75)	112 (84)	138 (91)	228 (92)	137 (92)
Duration of early antibiotics, days, mean (SD)	14 (9)	10 (8)	19 (13)	10 (7)	11 (6)	6 (5)	6 (4)	6 (4)	5 (2)	3 (2)	4 (2)	5 (4)	12 (7)
Types (class) of early antibiotics, n							UNK
Penicillin	370	449	5	112	224	144		129	131	111	137	227	129
Aminoglycoside	4	9	1	0	1	140		192	131	111	137	200	135
Cephalosporin	316	435	89	123	155	19		108	0	46	7	46	97
Carbapenem	125	62	29	63	46	4		127	33	12	12	42	31
Macrolide	77	102	7	57	0	0		3	0	1	0	2	3
Lincosamide	1	2	0	1	0	0		3	0	0	1	0	0
Glycopeptide	30	21	7	36	16	10		69	47	45	46	35	11
Other	8	10	0	5	4	19		49	13	30	5	58	42

AMS, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children’s Hospital, Netherlands; AUC, National Women’s Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; BWC, Shenzhen Bao’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China; CHI, Rush University Children’s Hospital, Chicago, United States; COP, Dept of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; FOS, Foshan Woman and Children’s Hospital, China; IBA, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria; NEW, Newcastle Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PER, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia; PWC, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, China; SNP, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, China; SWC, Shenzhen Maternity& Child Health Care Hospital, China; TAI, Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; UNK, unknown.

Guangdong NICUs: FOS, SWC, SNP, BWC, PWC and ‘Western’ NICUs: AUC,CHI,COP, AMS, NEW, PER