Table 1.

Formative research findings informing the Maisha intervention

Author(s) and Year	Objectives	Key Findings
Knettel et al., 2018	• Examine rates and predictors of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in PMTCT in Africa via systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 studies	• 10% LTFU after first appointment and 27% LTFU 6 months after initiation; greater LTFU than general pop. of PLWH • Stigma, fear of disclosure, and low social support were key drivers of LTFU
Cichowitz et al., 2018	• Review medical records assessing LTFU following the introduction of Option B+ in Tanzania	• Two years after delivery, 58.7% were LTFU • High LTFU occurred across the PMTCT continuum, including immediately after enrollment in ANC and in the postpartum period • Individuals newly diagnosed with HIV were more likely to be LTFU
Chumba, 2018	• Evaluate facility-level implementation of Option B+ at clinics in northern Tanzania	• Challenges at clinic level included lack of provider training, high patient volumes, and record-keeping burden, leading to decreased provider-patient interaction
Ngocho et al., 2019	• Assess prevalence and predictors of depression among women in PMTCT	• 25% of women met criteria for possible depression and 14% endorsed thoughts of self-harm/suicide • Internalized shame/stigma, food insecurity, and being single were all significantly associated with depression
Minja et al., 2019	• Identify predictors of attitudes related to long-term use of ART	• Negative attitudes about ART were linked to depression, internalized shame/stigma, and lack of HIV acceptance
Knettel et al., 2019	• Explore patterns and predictors of HIV disclosure among women in PMTCT	• Among women diagnosed during pregnancy, 20% had not disclosed to anyone at 3 months postpartum and 44% had not disclosed to the father of the child • Fears of stigma and abandonment drive non-disclosure
Watt et al., 2018	• Examine rates and predictors of poor care engagement in cohort of 200 Tanzanian women in PMTCT	• 21% had poor care engagement at 6 months postpartum • Poorer engagement among patients who were younger, who had not disclosed status, and were newly diagnosed