Table 1.

Antiviral Activity of Oleandrin and Extracts of N. oleander

Virus	Family	Genus	Enveloped	Type	Oleandrin Active?	N. oleander Extract Active?	Ref
HIV-1	Retroviridae	Lentivirus	Yes	Two copies of ss-RNA (+)	Yes	Yes	16–23
HTLV-1	Retroviridae	Deltaretrovirus	Yes	Two copies of ss-RNA (+)	Yes	Yes	19
Ebolavirus	Filoviridae	Ebolavirus	Yes	ss-RNA (-)	Yes	Yes	18
Marburgvirus	Filoviridae	Marburgvirus	Yes	ss-RNA (-)	Yes	Yes	18
Influenza	Orthomyxoviridae	Influenza virus	Yes	ss-RNA (-)	NR	Yes	67–69
Venezuelan equine encephalitis	Togaviridae	Alphavirus	Yes	ss-RNA (+)	Yes	Yes	18
Poliovirus	Picornaviridae	Enterovirus	No	ss-RNA (+)	NR	Yes	71
Chikungunya virus	Togaviridae	Alphavirus	Yes	ss-RNA (+)	Yes	NR	73
SARS-CoV-2	Coronaviridae	Betacoronavirus	Yes	ss-RNA (+)	Yes	Yes	20
HSV-1, HSV-2	Herpesviridae	Herpes simplex virus	Yes	ds-DNA	Yes	Yes	78–79
Human CMV	Herpesviridae	Cytomegalovirus	Yes	ds-DNA	Yes	Yes	82–84

Abbreviations: NR, not reported; Yes (italics): unpublished data.