TABLE 2.
Antibiofilm effects of simultaneous or staggered phage–antibiotic combinations.
| Antibiotic |
Simultaneous exposure |
Staggered exposure |
||
| MBEC (μg/ml) | Ratio (interpretation) | MBEC (μg/ml) | Ratio (interpretation) | |
| MRSA ATCC 43300 | ||||
| VAN | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a | 16 | 0.015(S) |
| DAP | 32 | 0.25(S) | 2 | 0.015(S) |
| FOF | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a | 32 | 0.031(S) |
| GEN | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a |
| RIF | 64 | 0.25(S) | 8 | 0.031(S) |
| MSSA ATCC 29213 | ||||
| FLU | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a |
| CFZ | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a |
| FOF | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a |
| GEN | 256 | 0.5(NS) | >256 | > 0.25(NS)a |
| RIF | 128 | 0.5(NS) | 128 | 0.5(NS) |
VAN, vancomycin; DAP, daptomycin; FOF, fosfomycin; GEN, gentamicin; RIF, rifampin; FLU, flucloxacillin; CFZ, cefazolin; S, synergism; NS, no synergism. aMBEC value above 1/4xMBECalone (considering MBECalone equal to 1,024 μg/ml), thus MBECphage/MBECalone ratio is interpreted as >0.25 (NS).