TABLE 3.

MR analysis results using different methods.

			95% CI	95% CI
MR method	β	SE	(Down)	(Up)	P value
Simple median	0.183	0.223	–0.254	0.62	0.412
Weighted median	0.249	0.19	–0.124	0.622	0.19
Penalized weighted median	0.25	0.191	–0.123	0.624	0.189
IVW	0.096	0.142	–0.182	0.375	0.499
Penalized IVW	0.096	0.142	–0.182	0.375	0.499
Robust IVW	0.243	0.078	0.089	0.396	0.002
Penalized robust IVW	0.243	0.078	0.089	0.396	0.002
MR-Egger	0.224	0.268	–0.302	0.75	0.404
Penalized MR-Egger	0.224	0.268	–0.302	0.75	0.404
Robust MR-Egger	0.256	0.091	0.076	0.435	0.005
Penalized robust MR-Egger	0.256	0.091	0.076	0.435	0.005

MR, Mendelian randomization; IVW, inverse-variance weighted; β, regression coefficient; SE, standard error; and CI, confidence interval. Significance level 0.05.