Table 2.
Bacteremia Related Characteristics and Treatments
| Total Cases (n = 42) | 14-Day Survival (n = 19) | 14-Day Mortality (n = 23) | P Value | 30-Day Survival (n = 14) | 30-Day Mortality (n = 28) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSSA, No. (%) | 23 (54.8) | 8 (42.1) | 15 (65.2) | .24 | 5 (35.7) | 18 (64.3) | .15 |
| Polymicrobial, No. (%)a | 7 (16.7) | 1 (5.3) | 6 (26.1) | .11 | 1 (7.1) | 6 (21.4) | .39 |
| Source of bacteremia, No. (%) | |||||||
| Vascularb | 3 (7.1) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (4.3) | .19 | 1 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) | .31 |
| Osteomyelitis | 1 (2.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (7.1) | 0 | ||
| Skin | 1 (2.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (7.1) | 0 | ||
| Pneumonia | 8 (19.0) | 5 (26.3) | 3 (13.0) | 3 (21.4) | 5 (17.9) | ||
| Unknown | 29 (69.0) | 10 (52.6) | 19 (82.6) | 8 (57.1) | 21 (75.0) | ||
| Bacteremia definitions | |||||||
| Hospital-onset bacteremia,c No. (%) | 28 (66.7) | 10 (52.6) | 18 (78.3) | .15 | 8 (57.1) | 20 (71.4) | .56 |
| Time from admission to bacteremia onset, median [IQR], d | 8.0 [0.02–21.0] | 4.5 [0–14.0] | 13.0 [5.5–23.5] | .06 | 5.2 [0.25–14.3] | 11.0 [0.06–22.0] | .30 |
| No admission blood culture, No. (%) | 6 (14.3) | 4 (21.1) | 2 (8.7) | .38 | 2 (14.3) | 4 (14.3) | 1.0 |
| Characteristics collected at time of blood culture | |||||||
| White blood cell, median [IQR], ×103/L | 14.7 [9.20–20.2] | 12.3 [8.20–20.5] | 15.8 [12.6–20.0] | .27 | 12.3 [8.38–18.8] | 15.6 [11.8–21.2] | .21 |
| Procalcitonin, median [IQR], ng/mL | 1.02 [0.28–3.47] | 1.16 [0.34–5.09] | 1.02 [0.28–2.04] | .65 | 0.87 [0.33–3.29] | 1.04 [0.30–3.33] | .89 |
| Temperature, mean ± SD, °C | 38.0 ± 0.98 | 38.1 ± 0.84 | 38.0 ± 1.10 | .64 | 38.0 ± 0.94 | 38.1 ± 1.02 | .86 |
| Abnormal chest x-ray, No. (%) | 36 (85.7) | 17 (89.5) | 19 (82.6) | .67 | 13 (92.9) | 23 (82.1) | .65 |
| Pitt bacteremia score, median [IQR] | 5.0 [2.0–7.0] | 3.0 [0.50–5.0] | 7.0 [4.5–7.0] | .004 | 2.0 [0.25–5.0] | 6.5 [4.0–7.0] | .001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, No. (%) | 31 (73.8) | 13 (68.4) | 18 (78.3) | .71 | 9 (64.3) | 22 (78.6) | .54 |
| Central venous catheter,d No. (%) | 19 (45.2) | 5 (26.3) | 14 (60.9) | .05 | 3 (21.4) | 16 (57.1) | .05 |
| Empiric antibiotics received, No. (%)e | |||||||
| Vancomycin/cefepime | 24 (58.5) | 12 (63.2) | 12 (52.2) | .76 | 9 (64.3) | 15 (53.6) | .28 |
| Vancomycin/other β-lactamf | 9 (22.0) | 3 (15.8) | 6 (26.1) | 1 (7.1) | 8 (28.6) | ||
| Vancomycin | 7 (17.1) | 3 (15.8) | 4 (17.4) | 3 (21.4) | 4 (14.3) | ||
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 1 (2.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (7.1) | 0 | ||
| Time from blood culture to antibiotic initiation, median [IQR], h | 0 [0–24.0] | 0 [0–23.6] | 0 [0–23.4] | .90 | 1.0 [0–23.8] | 0 [0–22.8] | .90 |
Differences in patient characteristics were assessed by the chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables or by t test for parametric continuous variables or Kruskal-Wallis test for nonparametric continuous variables.
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MSSA, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
aPolymicrobial includes other infecting organisms, including Enterococcus faecalis (n = 2), Candida spp. (n = 2), Klebsiella spp. (n = 2), Escherichia coli (n = 1), Bacillus spp. (n = 1), Micrococcus spp. (n = 1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 1), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 1).
bIncludes cardiovascular devices or line.
cHospital-onset bacteremia was defined as a positive blood culture on or after the fourth day after hospital admission.
dCentral line was present within 48 hours before positive blood cultures.
eOne patient was excluded because they died before antibiotics could be given.
fOther β-lactams include piperacillin/tazobactam (n = 3), ceftriaxone (n = 2), aztreonam (n = 1), cefazolin (n = 1), meropenem (n = 1), and amoxicillin (n = 1).