TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Variable | Total | Untested/negative | Positive | P |
| n | 388,290 | 387,079 | 1,211 | |
| Age at recruitment, mean (SD), years | 56.6 (8.0) | 56.6 (8.0) | 57.1 (9.2) | 0.049 |
| Male, No. (%) | 175,535 (45) | 174,895 (45) | 640 (53) | <0.001 |
| Multiple deprivation index quintiles, No. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 1 (most affluent) | 75,826 (20) | 75,644 (20) | 182 (16) | |
| 2 | 75524 (20) | 75,351 (20) | 173 (15) | |
| 3 | 75437 (20) | 75,241 (20) | 196 (17) | |
| 4 | 75629 (20) | 75,354 (20) | 275 (24) | |
| 5 (most deprived) | 75513 (20) | 75,169 (20) | 344 (29) | |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 130582 (34) | 130,034 (34) | 548 (45) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia, No. (%) | 114236 (29) | 113,801 (29) | 435 (36) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, No. (%) | 27015 (7) | 26,835 (7) | 180 (15) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, No. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 210836 (54) | 210,288 (54) | 548 (45) | |
| Previous | 139318 (36) | 138,795 (36) | 523 (43) | |
| Current | 38136 (10) | 37,996 (10) | 140 (12) | |
| Cardiovascular disease, No. (%) | 35986 (9) | 35,789 (9) | 197 (16) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory disease, No. (%) | 63029 (16) | 62,750 (16) | 279 (23) | <0.001 |
| Renal disease, No. (%) | 15859 (4) | 15,735 (4) | 124 (10) | <0.001 |
| Previous malignancy, No. (%) | 67852 (18) | 67,618 (18) | 234 (19) | 0.097 |
| Dementia, No. (%) | 1317 (0.3) | 1,270 (0.3) | 47 (4) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 27.3 (4.7) | 27.3 (4.7) | 28.7 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 90.1 (13.4) | 90.1 (13.4) | 94.3 (14.4) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 141.0 (20.5) | 141.0 (20.5) | 143.1 (21.8) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, median [IQR], mmol/L | 4.9 [4.6, 5.3] | 4.9 [4.6, 5.3] | 5.0 [4.6, 5.4] | 0.221 |
| HbA1c, median [IQR], mmol/mol | 35.1 [32.7, 37.6] | 35.1 [32.7, 37.6] | 35.6 [33.1, 38.7] | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.9 (1.1) | <0.001 |
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.