Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of participants
| Overall n = 3006 | Nurses n = 583 | Physicians n = 2423 | x2/t | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, Male, n (%) | 1049 (34.9) | 40 (6.9) | 1009 (41.6) | 250.23 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||
| Unmarried | 656 (21.8) | 148 (25.4) | 508 (21.0) | 6.32 | 0.042 |
| Married | 2266 (75.4) | 416 (71.4) | 1850 (76.4) | ||
| Divorced/widow | 84 (2.8) | 19 (3.3) | 65 (2.7) | ||
| Ethnic (minorities) n (%) | 371 (12.3) | 58 (9.9) | 313 (12.9) | 3.83 | 0.050 |
| Work area, n (%) | |||||
| Inpatient | 1878 (62.5) | 367 (63.0) | 1511 (62.4) | 45.06 | < 0.001 |
| Outpatient | 714 (23.8) | 94 (16.1) | 620 (25.6) | ||
| ICU/emergency | 280 (9.3) | 85 (14.6) | 195 (8.0) | ||
| Other | 134 (4.5) | 37 (6.3) | 97 (4.0) | ||
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| Bachelors degree | 2029 (67.5) | 568 (97.4) | 1461 (60.3) | 295.42 | < 0.001 |
| Masters | 813 (27.0) | 14 (2.4) | 799 (33.0) | ||
| Ph.D. | 164 (5.5) | 1 (0.2) | 163 (6.7) | ||
| WPV, yes, n (%) | 1931 (64.2) | 337 (57.8) | 1594 (65.8) | 13.03 | < 0.001 |
| Age, years, M ± SD | 35.4 ± 8.1 | 33.0 ± 7.5 | 35.9 ± 8.1 | 62.94 | < 0.001 |
| LP, years, M ± SD | 11.6 ± 8.5 | 11.1 ± 8.0 | 11.7 ± 8.6 | 2.10 | 0.147 |
| PHQ-9, M ± SD | 10.6 ± 6.0 | 10.6 ± 6.1 | 10.6 ± 5.9 | 0.05 | 0.815 |
| GAD-7, M ± SD | 8.3 ± 5.3 | 8.1 ± 5.4 | 8.3 ± 5.2 | 0.39 | 0.528 |
| EE, M ± SD | 26.0 ± 11.7 | 23.9 ± 11.8 | 26.5 ± 11.6 | 22.45 | < 0.001 |
| RPA, M ± SD | 30.3 ± 14.1 | 32.3 ± 10.0 | 34.2 ± 8.9 | 18.67 | < 0.001 |
| Dep, M ± SD | 10.4 ± 6.9 | 9.3 ± 7.0 | 10.6 ± 6.8 | 15.96 | < 0.001 |
| SFI, M ± SD | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 2.53 | 0.112 |
| MISS-HP, M ± SD | 46.9 ± 12.7 | 46.3 ± 12.2 | 47.1 ± 12.8 | 2.11 | 0.146 |
| EMIS-SF, M ± SD | 10.2 ± 3.2 | 9.9 ± 3.2 | 10.3 ± 3.2 | 7.05 | 0.008 |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
M mean, SD standard deviation, WPV workplace violence, LP length of practice, MISS-HP moral injury symptom scale, EMIS-SF Expressions of Moral Injury Scale-short form, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder, EE Emotional Exhaustion, RPA Reduced Personal Accomplishment, Dep Depersonalization, SFI secure flourishing index