Table 1. Sociodemographic, Tobacco, and Other Substance Use Characteristics of the Unweighted Wave 1 Participants by Overall and by Wave 2 ENDS Unexposed and Exposed Groupsa.
Characteristic | Ever cigarette and never ENDS users at wave 1(n = 1096)b | Unexposed group: never used ENDS at wave 2 (n = 987)c | Exposed group | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Used ENDS 1-5 d in previous 30 d at wave 2 (n = 75)d | Used ENDS ≥6 d in previous 30 d at wave 2 (n = 34)e | |||||||
No. | Estimate, % | No. | Estimate, % | No. | Estimate, % | No. | Estimate %f | |
Matching variable (wave 1) | ||||||||
Mean age | 1096 | 21.4 | 987 | 21.5 | 75 | 21.1 | 34 | 20.8 |
White | 698 | 63.7 | 616 | 62.4 | 53 | 70.7 | 29 | 85.3 |
Female | 609 | 55.6 | 549 | 55.6 | 37 | 49.3 | 23 | 67.7 |
Hispanic | 276 | 25.2 | 249 | 25.2 | 20 | 26.7 | 7 | 20.6 |
Educational level | ||||||||
<High school degree | 152 | 13.9 | 135 | 13.7 | 10 | 13.3 | 7 | 20.6 |
GED | 65 | 5.9 | 55 | 5.6 | 6 | 8.0 | 4 | 11.8 |
High school degree | 295 | 26.9 | 259 | 26.2 | 24 | 32.0 | 12 | 35.3 |
Some college or associate degree | 435 | 39.7 | 396 | 40.1 | 28 | 37.3 | 11 | 32.4 |
≥College | 149 | 13.6 | 142 | 14.4 | 7 | 9.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
Alcohol use | ||||||||
Never | 197 | 18.0 | 173 | 17.5 | 16 | 21.3 | 8 | 23.5 |
Ever, no previous 12 mo | 88 | 8.0 | 81 | 8.2 | 2 | 2.7 | 5 | 14.7 |
Previous 12 mo, excluding previous 30 d | 193 | 17.6 | 179 | 18.1 | 10 | 13.3 | 4 | 11.8 |
Previous 30 d | 618 | 56.4 | 554 | 56.1 | 47 | 62.7 | 17 | 50.0 |
Heavy drinker | 148 | 13.5 | 122 | 12.4 | 21 | 28.0 | 5 | 14.7 |
Marijuana use | ||||||||
Never | 447 | 40.8 | 403 | 40.8 | 30 | 40.0 | 14 | 41.2 |
Ever, no previous 12 mo | 295 | 26.9 | 271 | 27.5 | 15 | 20.0 | 9 | 26.5 |
Previous 12 mo, excluding previous 30 d | 140 | 12.8 | 124 | 12.6 | 11 | 14.7 | 5 | 14.7 |
Previous 30 d | 214 | 19.5 | 189 | 19.2 | 19 | 25.3 | 6 | 17.7 |
Other substance use | ||||||||
Never | 829 | 75.6 | 753 | 76.3 | 50 | 66.7 | 26 | 76.5 |
Ever, no previous 12 mo | 131 | 12.0 | 116 | 11.8 | 12 | 16.0 | 3 | 8.8 |
Previous 12 mo, including previous 30 d | 129 | 11.8 | 111 | 11.3 | 13 | 17.3 | 5 | 14.7 |
Cigarette smoking | ||||||||
Daily previous 30-d use | 161 | 14.7 | 124 | 12.6 | 22 | 29.3 | 15 | 44.1 |
Nondaily previous 30-d use | 241 | 22.0 | 210 | 21.3 | 22 | 29.3 | 9 | 26.5 |
No previous 30-d use | 694 | 63.3 | 653 | 66.2 | 31 | 41.3 | 10 | 29.4 |
Previous 30-d non-cigarette combustible use | 147 | 13.4 | 134 | 13.6 | 8 | 10.7 | 5 | 14.7 |
Previous 30-d non-ENDS noncombustible use | 54 | 4.9 | 43 | 4.4 | 7 | 9.3 | 4 | 11.8 |
Previous 12-mo quit attempt | ||||||||
Yes | 134 | 12.2 | 113 | 11.5 | 14 | 18.7 | 7 | 20.6 |
No | 199 | 18.2 | 156 | 15.8 | 27 | 36.0 | 16 | 47.1 |
NA | 763 | 69.6 | 718 | 72.8 | 34 | 45.3 | 11 | 32.4 |
Intention to quit in next 12 mo | ||||||||
Yes | 129 | 11.8 | 103 | 10.4 | 16 | 21.3 | 10 | 29.4 |
No | 204 | 18.6 | 166 | 16.8 | 25 | 33.3 | 13 | 38.2 |
NA | 763 | 69.6 | 718 | 72.8 | 34 | 45.3 | 11 | 32.4 |
Lifetime GAIN substance use scale | ||||||||
Low | 586 | 53.5 | 534 | 54.1 | 37 | 49.3 | 15 | 44.1 |
Moderate | 324 | 29.6 | 291 | 29.5 | 21 | 28.0 | 12 | 35.3 |
High | 186 | 17.0 | 162 | 16.4 | 17 | 22.7 | 7 | 20.6 |
Lifetime GAIN externalizing scale | ||||||||
Low | 371 | 33.9 | 344 | 34.9 | 21 | 28.0 | 6 | 17.7 |
Moderate | 303 | 27.7 | 273 | 27.7 | 18 | 24.0 | 12 | 35.3 |
High | 422 | 38.5 | 370 | 37.5 | 36 | 48.0 | 16 | 47.1 |
Lifetime GAIN internalizing scale | ||||||||
Low | 408 | 37.2 | 380 | 38.5 | 18 | 24.0 | 10 | 29.4 |
Moderate | 320 | 29.2 | 284 | 28.8 | 25 | 33.3 | 11 | 32.4 |
High | 368 | 33.6 | 323 | 32.7 | 32 | 42.7 | 13 | 38.2 |
Tobacco ad receptivity | ||||||||
Receptive to cigarette and any tobacco ad other than ENDS | 254 | 23.2 | 231 | 23.4 | 15 | 20.0 | 8 | 23.5 |
Receptive to ENDS and any tobacco ad other than cigarettes | 152 | 13.9 | 136 | 13.8 | 12 | 16.0 | 4 | 11.8 |
Receptive to both cigarettes and ENDS and any other products ad | 426 | 38.9 | 373 | 37.8 | 35 | 46.7 | 18 | 52.9 |
Receptive to other product ad except for cigarettes or ENDS | 69 | 6.3 | 64 | 6.5 | 5 | 6.7 | 0 | 0.0 |
Not receptive to any tobacco advertising | 195 | 17.8 | 183 | 18.5 | 8 | 10.7 | 4 | 11.8 |
ENDS perceived harm compared with cigarettes | ||||||||
Less harmful | 463 | 42.2 | 405 | 41.0 | 42 | 56.0 | 16 | 47.1 |
About the same | 469 | 42.8 | 433 | 43.9 | 26 | 34.7 | 10 | 29.4 |
More harmful | 68 | 6.2 | 61 | 6.2 | 3 | 4.0 | 4 | 11.8 |
Do not know | 14 | 1.3 | 14 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Have not heard of e-cigarettes | 82 | 7.5 | 74 | 7.5 | 4 | 5.3 | 4 | 11.8 |
Cigarette perceived harm | ||||||||
Low | 31 | 2.8 | 23 | 2.3 | 4 | 5.3 | 4 | 11.8 |
Moderate | 117 | 10.7 | 100 | 10.1 | 10 | 13.3 | 7 | 20.6 |
High | 948 | 86.5 | 864 | 87.5 | 61 | 81.3 | 23 | 67.7 |
Nicotine dependence, median | 1096 | 0.0 | 987 | 0.0 | 75 | 9.4 | 34 | 14.1 |
Outcome variable (wave 3) | ||||||||
Mean change in number of days smoked cigarettes in previous 30 d, wave 2 to wave 3 | 1096 | 0.04 | 987 | 0.05 | 75 | −0.4 | 34 | 0.7 |
Mean change in intensity of smoking cigarettes previous 30 d, wave 2 to wave 3 | 1096 | −3.7 | 987 | −5.0 | 75 | 1.3 | 34 | 22.6 |
Abbreviations: ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery system; GAIN, Global Appraisal of Individual Needs; GED, General Educational Development.
Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study data from wave 1 to wave 3. Analysis included wave 1 young adults (aged 18-24 years) with data for all 3 waves. Respondent age was calculated based on age at wave 1. Analytic sample included wave 1 ever cigarette smoker and never ENDS users (n = 1585) and had nonmissing data on wave 2 ENDS exposure and wave 3 data on change in number of days smoked between wave 2 and wave 3 (n = 1096). ENDS included e-cigarettes at wave 1, and e-cigarettes, e-cigars, e-pipes, and e-hookah at wave 2 and wave 3. All use definitions refer to any use that includes exclusive or poly use of ENDS. All estimates are unweighted.
Includes wave 1 ever cigarette users, never ENDS users and had nonmissing data on wave 2 ENDS exposure and wave 3 data on change in number of days smoked between wave 2 and wave 3.
Includes wave 1 ever cigarette users, wave 2 never ENDS user.
Includes wave 1 ever cigarette users, wave 2 new ENDS user who used ENDS on 1 to 5 days in the previous 30 days at wave 2.
Includes wave 1 ever cigarette users, wave 2 new ENDS user who used ENDS on 6 or more days in the previous 30 days at wave 2.
All estimates in this column have a denominator less than 50 except those with results of 0.0.