Table 1.
List of studies on pregnant women with COVID-19
| Authors | Title | Location | Article Type | Number of Women | Gestation | Maternal Course | Neonatal Course | Neonatal Infection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ellington et al. (38) | Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status—United States, January 22–June 7, 2020 |
USA | Retrospective cohort | 8,207 pregnant vs 83,205 non-pregnant women | Not given | Pregnant women more likely to require admission to ICU and mechanical ventilation | Not reported | Not reported |
| Tekbali et al. (122) | Pregnant versus non-pregnant SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Hospital 1 Admissions: The first 4 wk in New York |
New York | Retrospective cohort | Review of all (female) admissions to the hospital, 3,064 pregnant, 18,916 nonpregnant | Not given | Pregnant women less likely to require hospital admission than non-pregnant | Not reported | Not reported |
| Takemoto et al. (119) | The tragedy of COVID-19 in Brazil: 124 maternal deaths and counting |
Brazil | Retrospective cohort | 978 (NB only testing women with “Severe” symptoms | Not given | 124 deaths (12.7% mortality rate) | Not reported | Not reported |
| Knight et al. (64) | Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK: a national cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) |
UK | Prospective cohort | 427 | Majority 3rd trimester (Median = 34w, IQR29–38) | 40 women (9%) required critical care admission. Three deaths | 52% gave birth- 48% still pregnant. 74% term delivery. All PTB iatrogenic. Five neonatal deaths- 3 definitely not COVID, 2 uncertain. 64 admissions to NICU | 12 positive, 6 of whom within 12 h of birth |
| Blitz et al. (10) | Intensive care unit admissions for pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19 |
New York | Retrospective cohort | 82 | Not given | No sig diff between ICU admission rates of pregnant and non-pregnant women | COVID +ve baby symptomatic | Not reported |
| Lokken et al. (77) | Clinical characteristics of 46 pregnant women with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Washington State |
USA | Retrospective cohort | 46 | 3 1st trimester, 20 2nd trimester, 23 3rd trimester | 7 hospitalized, 1 ICU | 1 PTB at 33 wk- iatrogenic due to maternal condition. One stillbirth etiology unknown | Not tested |
| Oncel et al. (94) | A multicenter study on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 125 newborns born to women infected with COVID-19 by Turkish Neonatal Society |
Turkey | Retrospective cohort | 125 | All 3rd trimester | 8 ICU admissions, 6 deaths | 4 positive and required minor respiratory support | 4 positive |
| Breslin et al. (15) | Coronavirus disease 2019 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals |
New York | Retrospective cohort | 43 | All 3rd trimester | 4 severe and 2 critical cases | No adverse outcomes | All negative |
| Ferrazzi et al. (40) | Vaginal delivery in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: a retrospective analysis |
Italy | Retrospective cohort | 42 | All 3rd trimester | 4 admitted to critical care, 7 required O2. All made good recovery | 5 spontaneous PTB, no other complications listed | 1 tested positive (after 3 days) |
| Gabriel et al. (79) | Multi-center Spanish study found no incidences of viral transmission in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 |
Spain | Retrospective cohort | 42 | All 3rd trimester | 3 required ICU care and 1 died due to massive VTE | 9 preterm (6 late preterm), 9 required NICU, all discharged well | 3 tested positive in first 24 h of life |
| Liu et al. (74) | Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children |
China | Case-control | 41 pregnant women vs 14 non-pregnant women | 2nd and 3rd trimester | No severe disease | No adverse outcomes | Not tested |
| Li et al. (69) | Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study |
China | Case series | 34 | All 3rd trimester | 5 women had preterm CS due to maternal pneumonia, all made good recovery | No adverse outcomes | All negative |
| Wu et al. (145) | Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID‐19 pneumonia |
China | Case series | 23 | Twenty 3rd trimester, three 1st trimester | No severe disease | 1 neonatal jaundice, 20 well babies | 4 tested negative, others all clinically negative |
| Baergen and Heller (6) | Placental pathology in Covid-19 positive mothers: preliminary findings |
New York | Prospective cohort | 20 | All 3rd trimester | 20 placentas examined, 10 cases showed poor perfusion or thrombus but significance is unclear |
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| Chen et al. (24) | Safety and efficacy of different anesthetic regimens for parturients with COVID-19 undergoing Cesarean delivery: a case series of 17 patients |
China | Case series | 17 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease. Indication for Cesarean not given | No adverse outcomes | All negative |
| Khan et al. (61) | Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women |
China | Case series | 17 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | 3 PTB by elective CS- indication not given. All well | All negative, although 2 neonates were suspected to have COVID-19 |
| Zhang et al. (152) | Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei Province |
China | Case-control | 16 cases vs 45 controls | All 3rd trimester | From the women with COVID, none developed severe pneumonia | No sig difference in neonatal outcomes between the two groups. | Not tested |
| Liu et al. (73) | Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a preliminary analysis |
China | Case series | 15 | Three in 2nd trimester, 9 in 3rd trimester | No severe disease | No adverse outcomes | Not tested |
| Yang et al. (147) | Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women suspected of coronavirus disease 2019 |
China | Case-control | 13 cases vs 42 pregnant controls | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | No adverse outcomes | All negative |
| Liu et al. (76) | Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy |
China | Case series | 13 | Two 2nd trimester, eleven 3rd trimester | 1 severe case requiring ICU + mechanical ventilation, 3 discharged still pregnant- others all underwent C-section | 1 stillbirth— cause not given | Not tested |
| Penfield et al. (97) | Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in placental and fetal membrane samples |
USA | Prospective cohort | 11 | All 3rd trimester | 3 “critical”, 2 “severe” | No adverse outcomes | All negative |
| Liao et al. (72) | Analysis of vaginal delivery outcomes among pregnant women in Wuhan, China during the COVID‐19 pandemic |
China | Case-control | 10 cases and 53 controls | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | No adverse outcomes | All negative |
| Chen et al. (23) | Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records |
China | Case series | 9 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | No adverse outcomes | None |
| Khalil et al. (60) | SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy: symptomatic pregnant women are only the tip of the iceberg |
London | Retrospective cohort | 9 positive | All 3rd trimester | Only 1 had symptoms (mild) | No adverse outcomes | Not reported |
| Zhu et al. (155) | Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia |
China | Case series | 9 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | 1 neonatal death- cause not given | Not tested |
| Govind et al. (42) | Re: novel coronavirus COVID-19 in late pregnancy: outcomes of first nine cases in an inner city London hospital |
London | Retrospective cohort | 9 | All 3rd trimester | 7 mild symptoms, 2 more unwell | COVID +ve neonate treated for viral pneumonia | 1 tested positive |
| Wu et al. (144) | Clinical manifestation and laboratory characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women |
China | Case series | 8 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | ||
| Yu et al. (149) | Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center, descriptive study. |
China | Case series | 7 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | No adverse outcomes | 1 neonate positive 36 h after delivery |
| Juusela et al. (58) | Two cases of coronavirus 2019-related cardiomyopathy in pregnancy |
USA | Case series | 7 | All 3rd trimester | 2 out of 7 patients with severe disease developed cardiomyopathy, however sample size too small to be generalizable | Not reported | Not reported |
| Hu et al. (52a) | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vertical transmission in neonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia |
China | Retrospective cohort | 7 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | No adverse outcomes | 1 tested positive at 36 h |
| Chen et al. (26) | Clinical analysis of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia | China | Case series | 5 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease | No adverse outcomes | All negative |
| Perrone et al. (98) | Report of a series of healthy term newborns from convalescent mothers with COVID-19 |
Italy | Retrospective cohort | 4 | All 3rd trimester | Not reported | No adverse outcomes | Not reported |
| Chen et al. (25) | Pregnant women with new coronavirus infection: a clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases |
China | Case series | 3 | All 3rd trimester | No severe disease. Placental tissue all negative for COVID-19 | No adverse outcomes | None |
| Tanacan et al. (120) | The rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to hospital for delivery: experience of a pandemic center in Turkey |
Turkey | Retrospective cohort | 3 women (out of 206 tested | All 3rd trimester | Only one symptomatic, no severe disease | Not reported | Not reported |
CS, cesarean section; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PTB, preterm birth; SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.