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. 2019 Dec 6;130(11):E593–E597. doi: 10.1002/lary.28449

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© 2019 The Authors. The Laryngoscope published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Development of tongue, pharyngeal, and esophageal tumors (SCC and carcinoma in situ). Tumors of any type developed in 16 control group mice (80%) and eight Glu‐Cer group mice (40%), indicating a significantly higher incidence in the control group (A). Control group mice developed multiple tumors significantly more frequently than Glu‐Cer group mice (6.15 ± 1.51 vs. 0.9 ± 0.28 per mouse, respectively) (B). Tumors classified as SCC developed in 16 control group mice (80%) and in seven Glu‐Cer group mice (35%), indicating a significantly higher incidence in the control group (C). Control group mice developed multiple tumors significantly more frequently than Glu‐Cer group mice (4.75 ± 1.38 vs. 0.65 ± 0.23 per mouse, respectively) (D). 4‐NQO = 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide; CIS = carcinoma in situ; Glu‐cer = glucosylceramide; SCC = squamous cell carcinoma.