Table 1.

Reported perineal hernia (n = 29)

	Author	Reported year	Age (y)	Gender	Congenital or acquired	Position	Symptom	Hernia content	Surgical approach	Procedure
Case 1	Kondo	1936	26	Female	Ac	P	Bulging	Bowel	Abdominal	Suture
Case 2	Hirata	1947	40	Female	Ac	P	Bulging	Bowel	None	Conservative
Case 3	Amos	1951	40	Female	Ac	P	Bulging	Small bowel	Abdominal	Suture
Case 4	Richard and Ruben	1968	53	Male	Ac	P	Bulging	Sigmoid colon	Abdominal	Suture
Case 5	Thomford and Sherman	1969	66	Male	Ac	P	Rectal pain	Small bowel	None	Conservative
Case 6	Coussement et al	1978	0 (day 0)	Female	C	P	Bulging	Rectum	N/A	N/A
Case 7	Coussement et al	1978	0 (day 2)	N/A	C	P	Bulging	N/A	N/A	N/A
Case 8	Sato et al	1979	44	Female	Ac	A	Bulging + pain	N/A	Abdominal	Suture (recurrence)
Case 9	Vincent et al	1984	70	Female	Ac	P	Painful mass	Rectum	Abdominal	Suture + muscle flap
Case 10	Hubbard and Egelhoff	1989	0 (day 1)	Female	C	P	Bulging	Colon	N/A	N/A
Case 11	Edward et al	1990	68	Male	Ac	P	Bulging	Sigmoid colon + small bowel	N/A	N/A
Case 12	Rebecca et al	1992	64	Female	Ac	P	Constipation	Sigmoid colon	Abdominal	Mesh
Case 13	Ito et al	1994	67	Female	Ac	P	Bulging	N/A	Abdominal	Suture + broad ligament of uterus patch
Case 14	Padilla et al	1999	35	Female	Ac	A	Bulging	N/A	Perineal	Mesh
Case 15	Yagi et al	2000	47	Female	Ac	A	Bulging	N/A	Laparoscopy	Mesh
Case 16	Kuroki	2001	72	Female	Ac	A	Bulging	N/A	Abdominal	Suture + mesh
Case 17	Amano	2002	68	Female	Ac	P	Discomfort	Sigmoid colon	Abdominal	Suture
Case 18	Mara et al	2005	68	Female	Ac	P	Discomfort	Sigmoid colon	Abdominoperineal	Mesh
Case 19	Preiss et al	2006	75	Female	Ac	P	Back pain	Small bowel + omentum	Abdominal	Suture
Case 20	Dirk et al	2006	67	Female	Ac	P	Protrusion	Small bowel	Abdominal	Suture + mesh
Case 21	Jessica et al	2009	57	Female	Ac	P	Fullness+ pain	Small bowel	Laparoscopy	Suture
Case 22	Washiro et al	2010	81	Female	Ac	P	Discomfort	Small bowel	Abdominal	Uterus patch
Case 23	Sorelli et al	2011	45	Female	Ac	A	Discomfort	N/A	Laparoscopy	Mesh
Case 24	Dragan et al	2012	0 (day 0)	Female	C	P	Bulging	Rectum	Perineal	Suture
Case 25	Raghunath and Rajgopal	2013	42	Female	Ac	P	Bulging	Small bowel + colon + urinary bladder	Abdominoperineal	Suture + mesh
Case 26	Kurumboor and Palanisami	2013	63	Female	Ac	P	Bulging	Urinary bladder	Laparoscopy	Mesh
Case 27	Jorge and Juan	2017	71	Male	Ac	P	Bulging	Sigmoid colon + rectum	Abdominal	Mesh
Case 28	Mistry et al	2018	87	Female	Ac	P	None (incidental)	Small bowel + omentum	N/A	N/A
Case 29	Our case		49	Female	Ac	A	Bulging	Unknown	Laparoscopy	Suture

Abbreviations: A, anterior; Ac, acquired; C, congenital; N/A, not available; P, posterior.