Table 3.

Systemic inflammatory, metabolic and hormonal disorders that are accompanied by epicardial adipose tissue expansion and inflammation and an increased risk of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction

Chronic systemic inflammatory disorders

Rheumatoid arthritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Psoriasis

Systemic sclerosis

Inflammatory bowel disease

Chronic kidney disease

Late‐onset asthma

Multiple sclerosis

Chronic adipogenic metabolic or hormonal disorders

Obesity

Diabetes

Metabolic syndrome

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

Hypothyroidism

Hypercortisolism (iatrogenic or endogenous)

Primary hyperaldosteronism