Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (n = 78)
| Age (years) | 62.9 ± 8.1 |
| Male, n (%) | 37 (47%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 4.6 |
| BODE index | 6.1 ± 1.3 |
| Number of comorbidities, n | 2.7 ± 2.1 |
| Four or more comorbidities, n (%) | 25 (32%) |
| % Cardiac comorbidities | 30.8 (24) |
| 6MWD (m) | 314 ± 76.9 |
| RV (% predicted) | 246.8 ± 40.6 |
| RV/TLC (%) | 67.1 ± 7.3 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 25.8 ± 6.4 |
| SGRQ, total score | 60.2 ± 13.6 |
| Emphysema distribution† | |
| Heterogeneous, n (%) | 22 (28%) |
| Homogeneous, n (%) | 34 (44%) |
| Mixed, n (%) | 22 (28%) |
| Emphysema (−950 HU) (%) | 46.9 ± 12.9 |
| Air trapping (−856 HU) (%) | 77.7 ± 10.4 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (%). Cardiac comorbidities were based on medical history reported by the investigator and included current coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation, but in a stable situation (subjects were excluded when there was active/symptomatic CAD, CHF (LVEF < 45% on echocardiogram) or uncontrolled atrial fibrillation).
Heterogeneous: ≥15% ipsilateral difference in %LAA950 in both lungs, homogeneous: <15% ipsilateral difference in %LAA950 in both lungs and mixed: one heterogeneous lung and one homogeneous lung.
%LAA950, % low‐attenuation area < −950 Hounsfield Unit; 6MWD, 6‐min walk distance; BMI, body mass index; BODE, BODE: combined index of B: Body mass index, O: Obstruction (FEV1), D: Dyspnea (mMRC) and E: exercise (6MWD); CAD, Coronary artery disease; CHF, Congestive heart failure; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; HU, Hounsfield unit; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RV, residual volume; SGRQ, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; TLC, total lung capacity.