Table 1.
Characteristics according to quartile of TyG index
| TyG index quartiles | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||
| N | 1,398,211 | 1,398,062 | 1,398,102 | 1,398,759 | |
| Age (yeas) | 51.62 ± 9.83 | 52.74 ± 10.04 | 53.59 ± 10.17 | 54.12 ± 10.26 | < 0.001† |
| ≧ 65 | 176,028 (12.59) | 204,473 (14.63) | 228,776 (16.36) | 245,491 (17.55) | < 0.001† |
| Sex (male; n) | 706,479 (50.53) | 706,813 (50.56) | 706,287 (50.52) | 706,769 (50.53) | 0.9243 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.64 ± 2.69 | 23.42 ± 2.83 | 24.1 ± 2.9 | 24.89 ± 2.95 | < 0.001† |
| ≧ 25 kg/m2 | 250,943 (17.95) | 375,229 (26.84) | 494,765 (35.39) | 645,970 (46.18) | < 0.001† |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 77.19 ± 7.97 | 79.52 ± 8.22 | 81.47 ± 8.2 | 83.69 ± 8.01 | < 0.001† |
| Men ≧ 90 and women ≧ 85 | 130,078 (9.3) | 216,825 (15.51) | 307,971 (22.03) | 434,265 (31.05) | < 0.001† |
| Regular physical activity | 310,405 (22.2) | 284,886 (20.38) | 269,826 (19.3) | 249,608 (17.84) | < 0.001† |
| Low socioeconomic status | 387,421 (27.71) | 378,852 (27.1) | 372,515 (26.64) | 375,476 (26.84) | < 0.001‡ |
| Smoking | < 0.001† | ||||
| Non-smoker | 926,718 (66.28) | 894,479 (63.98) | 871,643 (62.34) | 838,042 (59.91) | |
| Ex-smoker | 216,828 (15.51) | 215,518 (15.42) | 214,958 (15.37) | 204,220 (14.6) | |
| Current smoker | 254,665 (18.21) | 288,065 (20.6) | 311,501 (22.28) | 356,497 (25.49) | |
| Alcohol drinking | < 0.001† | ||||
| None | 799,786 (57.91) | 797,857 (57.74) | 790,344 (57.2) | 758,877 (54.89) | |
| Moderate | 505,002 (36.57) | 495,360 (35.85) | 487,941 (35.31) | 482,949 (34.93) | |
| Heavy | 76,276 (5.52) | 88,572 (6.41) | 103,528 (7.49) | 140,726 (10.18) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119.46 ± 14.63 | 122.09 ± 14.85 | 124.3 ± 15 | 127.27 ± 15.33 | < 0.001† |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.45 ± 9.89 | 76.14 ± 9.95 | 77.52 ± 9.98 | 79.37 ± 10.13 | < 0.001† |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 89.09 ± 10.78 | 93.2 ± 11.89 | 96.48 ± 13.79 | 105.09 ± 25.23 | < 0.001† |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 184.69 ± 30.82 | 194.79 ± 31.85 | 202.22 ± 33.17 | 211.45 ± 36.25 | < 0.001† |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 60.22 ± 16.69 | 56.83 ± 17.29 | 53.98 ± 18.81 | 50.13 ± 22.57 | < 0.001† |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111.91 ± 28.82 | 118.8 ± 30.36 | 121.66 ± 31.92 | 115.37 ± 36.46 | < 0.001† |
| Triglycerides* (mg/dL) | 60.77 (60.74–60.79) | 94.78 (94.75–94.81) | 132.28 (132.24–132.33) | 222.65 (222.51–222.79) | < 0.001† |
| Type 2 diabetes | 6080 (0.43) | 17,499 (1.25) | 39,487 (2.82) | 145,799 (10.42) | < 0.001† |
| Hypertension | 253,013 (18.1) | 332,933 (23.81) | 407,314 (29.13) | 511,203 (36.55) | < 0.001† |
| Dyslipidemia | 60,164 (4.3) | 112,443 (8.04) | 173,081 (12.38) | 279,795 (20) | < 0.001† |
| Chronic kidney disease | 63,434 (4.54) | 78,204 (5.59) | 91,013 (6.51) | 109,586 (7.83) | < 0.001† |
*Geometric mean
†All p < 0.001 between TyG index quartiles by analysis of variance post hoc analysis with the Bonferroni method
‡Q3 vs. Q4; p = 0.001 and rest of the comparisons between quartiles all p < 0.001 between TyG index quartiles by analysis of variance post hoc analysis with the Bonferroni method