TABLE 1.
Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with IMV at Admission
| Total (n = 40) |
IMV Survivor (n = 9) |
IMV Nonsurvivor (n = 31) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 70 (62–74) | 50 (47–62) | 70 (66–77) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.083 | |||
| Female | 11 (28%) | 5 (56%) | 6 (19%) | |
| Male | 29 (72%) | 4 (44%) | 25 (81%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 17 (42%) | 3 (33%) | 14 (45%) | 0.707 |
| Diabetes | 7 (18%) | 2 (22%) | 5 (16%) | 0.645 |
| Coronary heart disease | 10 (25%) | 1 (11%) | 9 (29%) | 0.404 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | >0.99 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (6%) | >0.99 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | >0.99 |
| Malignancy | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (6%) | >0.99 |
| Duration from symptoms to hospital admission, median (IQR), d | 8 (5–10) | 10 (8–10) | 7 (4–10) | 0.08 |
| Duration from symptoms to intubation, day, median (IQR) | 12 (9–17) | 14 (10–15) | 12 (8–17) | 0.649 |
| ECMO | 4 (10%) | 3 (33%) | 1 (3%) | 0.03 |
| APACHE II, median (IQR) | 8 (8–11) | 8 (8–10) | 9 (8–12) | 0.922 |
| ≤7 | 10 (25%) | 2 (22%) | 8 (26%) | |
| 8–15 | 25 (63%) | 6 (67%) | 19 (61%) | |
| ≥16 | 5 (13%) | 1 (11%) | 4 (13%) | |
| PSI score, median (IQR) | 92 (80–117) | 78 (75–95) | 98 (85–118) | 0.06 |
| ≤70 | 3 (8%) | 2 (22%) | 1 (3%) | |
| 71–90 | 16 (40%) | 4 (44%) | 12 (39%) | |
| 91–130 | 14 (35%) | 2 (22%) | 12 (39%) | |
| ≥131 | 7 (18%) | 1 (11%) | 6 (19%) | |
| Empiric systemic glucocorticoid therapy | 33 (82%) | 7 (78%) | 26 (84%) | 0.645 |
| Outcome/complication | ||||
| Sepsis | 27 (68%) | 3 (33%) | 24 (77%) | 0.038 |
| AKI | 24 (60%) | 0 (0%) | 24 (77%) | <0.001 |
| ACI | 17 (43%) | 1 (11%) | 16 (52%) | <0.001 |
| ALI | 20 (50%) | 1 (11%) | 19 (61%) | 0.02 |
| Second infection | 24 (60%) | 0 (0%) | 24 (77%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR) | ||||
| WBC count, ×109/L | 7.30 (4.61–11.42) | 5.62 (2.93–9.31) | 7.30 (5.11–11.42) | 0.421 |
| >9.5 | 12 (30%) | 2 (22%) | 10 (32%) | |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 6.48 (3.24–9.75) | 4.52 (1.88–8.76) | 6.48 (3.88–9.75) | 0.296 |
| >6.3 | 20 (50%) | 4 (44%) | 16 (52%) | |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 0.58 (0.36–0.87) | 0.60 (0.40–0.81) | 0.58 (0.36–0.95) | 0.983 |
| <1.1 | 34 (85%) | 8 (89%) | 26 (84%) | |
| PT, s | 13 (12–15) | 13 (12–16) | 14 (12–15) | 0.639 |
| >16 | 9 (23%) | 2 (22%) | 7 (23%) | |
| D-dimer, ng/L | 636 (254–2,000) | 500 (156–2,953) | 785 (260–2,000) | 0.56 |
| >500 | 21 (53%) | 4 (44%) | 17 (55%) | |
| LDH, U/L | 477 (329–637) | 440 (232–696) | 477 (337–595) | >0.99 |
| >245 | 33 (83%) | 5 (55%) | 28 (90%) | |
| ALT, U/L | 32 (21–48) | 24 (20–46) | 38 (21–48) | 0.674 |
| >40 | 12 (30%) | 3 (38%) | 9 (29%) | |
| BUN, mmol/L | 6.8 (4.7–10.3) | 4.9 (4.5–6.3) | 8.7 (5.0–11.5) | 0.033 |
| >8.2 | 16 (40%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (52%) | |
| Cr, μmol/L | 86 (68–104) | 77 (63–87) | 88 (75–125) | 0.061 |
| >90 | 17 (43%) | 2 (22%) | 15 (48%) | |
| CRP, mg/L | 143 (69–171) | 68 (17–151) | 149 (112–171) | 0.191 |
| >10 | 38 (95%) | 7 (78%) | 31 (100%) | |
| CK-MB, U/L | 12.3 (0.8–18.0) | 10.5 (7.7–17.0) | 14.0 (0.7–18.0) | >0.99 |
| >6.6 | 25 (63%) | 6 (67%) | 19 (61%) | |
| HsTNI, ng/mL | 21.5 (8.8–47.9) | 11.0 (10.5–33.5) | 21.6 (7.2–71.6) | 0.939 |
| >26.2 | 16 (40%) | 3 (33%) | 13 (42%) |
ALI, acute liver injury; AKI, acute kidney injury; WBC, white blood cell; PT, prothrombin time; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; HsTNI, high-sensitivity troponin I.