TABLE 2.
Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Before IMV
| Total (n = 40) |
IMV Survivor (n = 9) |
IMV Nonsurvivor (n = 31) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration from NIV/HFSC to IMV, median (IQR), h | 46 (22–90) | 7 (2–42) | 54 (28–143) | 0.008 |
| APACHE II, median (IQR) | 14 (10–16) | 10 (9–14) | 14 (12–16) | 0.032 |
| ≤7 | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | |
| 8–15 | 27 (68%) | 8 (89%) | 19 (61%) | |
| ≥16 | 12 (30%) | 1 (11%) | 11 (35%) | |
| PSI score, median (IQR) | 112 (104–126) | 98 (85–112) | 116 (108–126) | 0.028 |
| ≤70 | 2 (5%) | 1 (11%) | 1 (3%) | |
| 71–90 | 2 (5%) | 2 (22%) | 0 | |
| 91–130 | 28 (70%) | 5 (56%) | 23 (74%) | |
| ≥131 | 8 (20%) | 1 (11%) | 7 (23%) | |
| PaO2/FiO2 before IMV, median (IQR), mm Hg | 79 (64–98) | 73 (65–98) | 81 (64–98) | 0.77 |
| Laboratory findings before IMV, median (IQR) | ||||
| WBC count, ×109/L | 9.57 (7.55–13.40) | 8.65 (8.11–10.44) | 10.19 (7.25–14.26) | 0.543 |
| >9.5 | 19 (48%) | 3 (33%) | 16 (52%) | |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 8.78 (7.00–12.55) | 7.95 (7.03–9.75) | 9.04 (6.76–13.14) | 0.567 |
| >6.3 | 33 (84%) | 8 (100%) | 25 (81%) | |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 0.44 (0.30–0.76) | 0.33 (0.28–0.51) | 0.47 (0.30–0.76) | 0.252 |
| <1.1 | 34 (85%) | 8 (100%) | 26 (84%) | |
| PT, s | 14 (12–17) | 16 (14–17) | 14 (12–17) | 0.599 |
| >16 | 13 (33%) | 3 (33%) | 10 (32%) | |
| D-dimer, ng/L | 2,000 (1,123–3,296) | 786 (207–6,687) | 2,000 (1,402–3,270) | 0.26 |
| >500 | 32 (80%) | 5 (56%) | 27 (87%) | |
| LDH, U/L | 466 (404–651) | 397 (388–513) | 489 (435–651) | 0.25 |
| >245 | 39 (98%) | 9 (100%) | 30 (97%) | |
| ALT, U/L | 39 (20–67) | 27 (21–48) | 40 (18–77) | 0.465 |
| >40 | 17 (43%) | 3 (33%) | 14 (45%) | |
| BUN, mmol/L | 6.7 (4.8–10.9) | 4.9 (3.6–6.3) | 7.3 (5.1–11.9) | 0.02 |
| >8.2 | 13 (33%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (42%) | |
| Cr, μmol/L | 68 (60–98) | 63 (54–67) | 72 (62–107) | 0.096 |
| >90 | 9 (23%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (29%) | |
| CRP, mg/L | 143 (78–179) | 206 (115–237) | 132 (83–168) | 0.594 |
| >10 | 40 (100%) | 9 (100%) | 31 (100%) | |
| CK-MB, U/L | 3.0 (0.6–14.2) | 3.3 (0.3–7.2) | 3.0 (0.8–16.7) | 0.51 |
| >6.6 | 14 (35%) | 3 (33%) | 11 (35%) | |
| HsTNI, ng/mL | 33.6 (9.4–127.6) | 19.5 (7.8–75.6) | 48.3 (10.5–138.3) | 0.377 |
| >26.2 | 18 (45%) | 2 (22%) | 16 (52%) |
HFSC, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy; WBC, white blood cell; PT, prothrombin time; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; HsTNI, high-sensitivity troponin I.