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. 2020 Nov 24;10:19409. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76160-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Brain maps of oxygenated haemoglobin during hypercapnia (5% CO₂) both before (0 h) and after (2 h) intake of either a low- or high-flavanol dietary intervention. (a) Oxy-haemoglobin concentration changes (in z scores) across frontal cortical regions and averaged across participants (N = 17) are presented at the time of onset (0 h) and 1, 2, 3, and 4 min into the CO₂ challenge. Brain maps, viewed from the top, are oriented as indicated in the inset diagram: F = front, B = back, L = left, R = right; Darker grey background color indicates the recording area. (b) Latency to reach 90% maximal blood oxygenation was significantly lower (***p < 0.001) by approximately 1 min after the high-flavanol intervention in comparison to low-flavanol (Mean ± SEM).