TABLE 4.
Comparing Clinical Characteristics and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Complications of Survivors and Nonsurvivors
| Nonsurvivors (n = 40) | Survivors (n = 68) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 48 ± 14 | 46 ± 16 | 0.582 |
| Male gender | 22 (55.0) | 40 (58.8) | 0.698 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.9 ± 6.01 | 27.4 ± 6.9 | 0.009 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.018 |
| Immunocompromised host | 6 (15.0) | 5 (7.4) | 0.323 |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score | 13 (8–16) | 10 (8–13) | 0.003 |
| Respiratory Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Survival Prediction score | 3 (0–4) | 4 (3–6) | < 0.001 |
| PRedicting dEath for SEvere ARDS on Venovenous ECMO score | 4 (2–5) | 3 (1–4) | 0.121 |
| Retrieval from other hospitals | 22 (55.0) | 31 (45.6) | 0.345 |
| Primary diagnosis | |||
| Pneumonia | 34 (85.0) | 59 (86.8) | 0.798 |
| Viral pneumonia | 16 (40.0) | 32 (47.1) | 0.479 |
| Pre-ECMO characteristics | |||
| Hypotension requiring vasopressors | 29 (72.5) | 30 (44.1) | 0.004 |
| Cardiac arrest before ECMO | 5 (12.5) | 2 (2.9) | 0.099 |
| Days on mechanical ventilation | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–2) | 0.084 |
| Pre-ECMO ventilator settings | |||
| Peak inspiratory pressure, cm H2O | 34 (32–42)a | 35 (30–39)a | 0.565 |
| Positive end-expiratory pressure, cm H2O | 15 (12–18)b | 15 (12–18)b | 0.846 |
| Tidal volume/predicted body weight, mL/kg | 5.94 ± 1.49c | 5.96 ± 0.87c | 0.880 |
| Pre-ECMO arterial blood gas | |||
| Ph | 7.21 ± 0.13 | 7.24 ± 0.15 | 0.306 |
| Paco2, mm Hg | 65.4 ± 24.0 | 59.4 ± 22.7 | 0.209 |
| Pao2, mm Hg | 65.0 ± 21.9 | 69.1 ± 24.8 | 0.398 |
| Pao2/Fio2 ratio | 60 (51–77) | 68 (56–84) | 0.455 |
| Pre-ECMO treatment | |||
| Proning | 4 (10.0) | 11 (16.2) | 0.370 |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 19 (47.5) | 42 (61.8) | 0.149 |
| Treatment during post-ECMO intensivist-led multidisciplinary team period | 4 (10.0) | 23 (33.8) | 0.006 |
| Complications | |||
| ECMO-related mechanical complications | 7 (17.5) | 9 (13.2) | 0.547 |
| Thrombosis (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) | 6 (15.0) | 18 (26.5) | 0.166 |
| Major bleeding | 10 (25.0) | 7 (10.3) | 0.043 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 6 (15.2) | 2 (2.9) | 0.050 |
| Pneumothorax | 10 (25.0) | 8 (11.8) | 0.075 |
| Nosocomial infections | 20 (50.0) | 23 (33.8) | 0.097 |
| Nonhemorrhagic stroke | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 0.048 |
ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
aData missing for 19 and 29 patients in nonsurvivors and survivors, respectively.
bData missing for 12 and 13 patients in nonsurvivors and survivors, respectively.
cData missing for 29 and 49 patients in nonsurvivors and survivors, respectively.