Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics at hospital admittance.
| Variables | Total cohort (N = 42) | Asthmatics with a better outcome (N = 28) | Asthmatics with a worse outcome (N = 14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time from onset to hospitalization, days | 6 [5] | 6 [5] | 6 [3] | 0.95 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 13.5 [12] | 7.5 [12] | 17 [12] | 0.002 |
| Symptoms at admission, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 35 (83) | 22 (79) | 13 (93) | 0.39 |
| Cough | 30 (71) | 20 (71) | 10 (71) | >0.99 |
| Dyspnea | 25 (59) | 14 (50) | 11 (79) | 0.07 |
| Asthenia | 12 (29) | 8 (29) | 4 (29) | >0.99 |
| Myalgia | 3 (7) | 2 (7) | 1 (7) | >0.99 |
| Anosmia/ageusia | 6 (14) | 2 (7) | 4 (29) | 0.15 |
| Headache/confusion | 2 (5) | 2 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
| Nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea | 7 (17) | 4 (14) | 3 (21) | 0.67 |
| Bilateral interstitial involvement, n (%) | 19 (56) | 9 (43) | 10 (77) | 0.05 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 34.5 ± 8.3 | 33.1 ± 5.1 | 38.2 ± 13.7 | 0.25 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 231.9 [224.5] | 302.3 [186.3] | 107.6 [75.01] | 0.004 |
| Lactate level, mmol/L | 1.06 ± 0.30 | 0.97 ± 0.23 | 1.22 ± 0.38 | 0.15 |
| Leucocytes, cells/μL | 5440 [3040] | 5240 [2830] | 5700 [5060] | 0.42 |
| Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | 4.61 [4.73] | 3.88 [2.36] | 6.47 [6.69] | 0.14 |
| Eosinophils, cells/μL | 10 [62.6] | 10 [40] | 0 [80] | 0.41 |
| Haemoglobin, grams/dL | 13.1 ± 2.4 | 13.1 ± 2.3 | 13.1 ± 2.9 | >0.99 |
| Platelets, 1∙103 cells/μL | 211.7 ± 75.7 | 211.2 ± 73.1 | 212.7 ± 83.6 | 0.95 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 37.5 [100] | 17.6 [59] | 88.9 [127] | 0.03 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.13 [0.23] | 0.13 [0.16] | 0.08 [0.39] | 0.97 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 544.5 [1000] | 595.5 [1082] | 537 [2974] | 0.64 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 465.1 ± 178.5 | 462.6 ± 168.4 | 472.2 ± 226.5 | 0.92 |
| LDH, U/L | 312.6 ± 104.4 | 296.5 ± 93.8 | 350.3 ± 126.8 | 0.30 |
| Therapy during hospitalization, n (%) | ||||
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir | 33 (79) | 21 (75) | 12 (86) | 0.69 |
| Remdesivir | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | >0.99 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 39 (93) | 25 (89) | 14 (100) | 0.54 |
| Tocilizumab | 13 (31) | 5 (18) | 8 (57) | 0.01 |
| Steroids | 14 (33) | 9 (32) | 5 (36) | >0.99 |
| Azithromycin | 10 (24) | 3 (11) | 7 (50) | 0.008 |
| LMWH | 24 (57) | 13 (46) | 11 (79) | 0.047 |
Data are shown as number (percentages) or as medians [interquartile range]. Percentages are calculated for non-missing data.; Abbreviations: PaCO2 indicate partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; PaO2/FiO2, ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen; LDH, lactic acid dehydrogenase, LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin.