Table 3.
Estimated coefficients of the mediation models with depression symptoms (predictor), physical activity (mediator), and burden caused by Covid-19 (outcome) (overall and each sample).
| Total Effect | Direct Effect | Indirect Effect | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c | SE | 95% CI | c’ | SE | 95% CI | ab | SE | 95% CI | |
| All (N = 1,931) | |||||||||
| Burden by Covid-19 | .475 | .025 | [.426, .524] | .449 | .025 | [.400, .498] | .026 | .006 | [.016, .038] |
| Germany (N = 625) | |||||||||
| Burden by Covid-19 | .449 | .055 | [.341, .557] | .427 | .055 | [.318, .535] | .022 | .011 | [.003, .047] |
| Italy (N = 936) | |||||||||
| Burden by Covid-19 | .464 | .033 | [.399, .530] | .450 | .034 | [.383, .517] | .014 | .007 | [.001, .029] |
| Russia (N = 230) | |||||||||
| Burden by Covid-19 | .610 | .078 | [.456, .764] | .543 | .080 | [.384, .701] | .068 | .029 | [.019, .132] |
| Spain (N = 140) | |||||||||
| Burden by Covid-19 | .755 | .103 | [.551, .959] | .560 | .111 | [.341, .779] | .195 | .059 | [.091, .322] |
Note. SE = standard error; CI = Confidence interval; all CIs generated with bootstrapping: N = 10.000; c = relationship between depression symptoms and burden (total effect); c’ = relationship between depression symptoms and burden after inclusion of physical activity in the model (direct effect); ab = combined effect of path a (relationship between depression symptoms and physical activity) and path b (relationship between physical activity and burden).