Table 2.

Factors associated with clinically significant symptoms of depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥10)

	Females		Males
	18–49 years old	50 years old and above	18–49 years old	50 years old and above
Living with family versus not living with family	0.63 (0.54; 0.74)	0.71 (0.6; 0.83)	0.6 (0.45; 0.8)	0.4 (0.3; 0.53)
SEIFA quintiles
Quintile 1 (lowest SEP)
Quintile 2	0.8 (0.58; 1.08)	0.85 (0.63; 1.16)	0.75 (0.39; 1.45)	0.82 (0.5; 1.34)
Quintile 3	0.66 (0.49; 0.87)	0.88 (0.66; 1.17)	0.96 (0.54; 1.7)	0.95 (0.59; 1.52)
Quintile 4	0.78 (0.6; 1.01)	0.78 (0.58; 1.03)	0.95 (0.55; 1.64)	0.85 (0.54; 1.33)
Quintile 5 (highest SEP)	0.62 (0.48; 0.8)	0.71 (0.55; 0.93)	0.87 (0.52; 1.45)	0.7 (0.46; 1.07)
Doing unpaid work caring for children	0.83 (0.72; 0.95)	1.33 (1.05; 1.67)	1.21 (0.82; 1.78)	1.15 (0.66; 2.03)
Doing unpaid work caring for dependent relatives	1.52 (1.21; 1.91)	1.55 (1.26; 1.91)	1.8 (1.02; 3.19)	1.47 (0.89; 2.44)
Lost job because of COVID-19	1.51 (1.25; 1.82)	1.81 (1.43; 2.28)	1.65 (1.13; 2.41)	1.69 (1.09; 2.62)
Highly worried about contracting COVID-19 (scale score ≥8)	1.77 (1.5; 2.09)	1.62 (1.37; 1.92)	2.02 (1.34; 3.04)	1.57 (1.14; 2.17)
High adverse impact of restrictions (scale score ≥8)	3.34 (2.93; 3.81)	2.81 (2.41; 3.28)	2.91 (2.2; 3.84)	4.36 (3.32; 5.72)

Bolded values are statistically significant

PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9; SEIFA, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas; SEP, socioeconomic position.