Table 1.
Effect of saponins on rumen microbial population.
| Sources | Test system/dose | Diet | Total bacteria | Protozoa | Methanogens | F.S | R.F | R.A | B.F | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tea saponin | In vivo or in vitro both in ewe 3 g/d | TMR + wildrye hay | = | ↓ | = | ↑ | = | = | = | (157) |
| Tea saponin (Lerak) Tea saponin (Hibiscus) |
In vitro rumen fluid from Cattle (2 and 4%) | Cassava leaf silage | = = |
= = |
= = |
= = |
= = |
= = |
NF NF |
(158) |
| Quillaja saponin | In vitro rumen cows (0.6 g/L) | TMR | ↑ | NF | = | NF | NF | NF | NF | (159) |
| Combination (Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Gliricidia sepium) | In vivo or in vitro both in heifer | TMR 3.3% of 15% DM | = | = | = | NF | NF | NF | NF | (160) |
| Tea saponin | In vitro rumen fluid from cows 0.77% | F:C (50:50) | = | = | = | NF | NF | NF | NF | (161) |
| Tea saponin | Chambers 0.52% in vitro bottles | TMR | NF | ↓ | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF | (162) |
| Quillaja saponin | Open chambers (0.6 g/L) | F:C (50:50) | = | ↓ | ↓ | = | ↑ | ↑ | NF | (163) |
F.S, Fibrobacter succinogenes; R.F, Ruminococcus flavefaciens; R.A, Ruminococcus albus; B.F, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens; NF, not found; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; =, no effect.