TABLE 3.
Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use prevalence as per the 2019 beers criteria at hospital admission vs discharge
| Characteristics | People with dementia, n = 91 | People without dementia, n = 90 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission | Discharge | Admission | Discharge | |
| ≥1 PIM | 72 (79.1) | 77 (84.6) | 73 (81.1) | 77 (85.6) |
| Most common PIMs | ||||
| Independent of diagnosis or condition | ||||
| Antidepressants | 4 (4.4) | 3 (3.3) | 10 (11.1) | 7 (7.8) |
| Antipsychotics | 24 (26.4) | 36 (39.6)* | 4 (4.4) | 5 (5.6) |
| Benzodiazepines & related drugs | 32 (35.2) | 42 (46.2)* | 33 (36.7) | 31 (34.4) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 38 (41.8) | 33 (36.3)* | 47 (52.2) | 46 (51.1) |
| Clinically important drug–drug interactions | ||||
| Any combination of 3 or more CNS‐active medicines | 28 (30.8) | 33 (36.3)* | 27 (30.0) | 27 (30.0) |
| Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines | 18 (19.8) | 22 (24.2)* | 22 (24.4) | 23 (25.6) |
| Concurrent use of opioids and pregabalin | 6 (6.6) | 9 (9.9) | 9 (10.0) | 9 (10.0) |
| Use of medicines with strong anticholinergic properties | 17 (18.7) | 15 (16.5) | 15 (16.7) | 11 (12.2)* |
| Considering disease and syndrome interactions | ||||
| Antiepileptics with history of falls or fractures | 10 (11.0) | 9 (9.9) | 4 (4.4) | 2 (2.2) |
| Antipsychotics with history of falls or fractures | 13 (14.3) | 19 (20.9)* | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) |
| Benzodiazepines with history of falls or fractures | 16 (17.6) | 18 (19.8) | 9 (10.0) | 7 (7.8)* |
| Antidepressants with history of falls or fractures | 16 (17.6) | 15 (16.5) | 12 (13.3) | 12 (13.3) |
| Opioids with history of falls or fractures | 17 (18.7) | 22 (24.2)* | 17 (18.7) | 24 (26.7)* |
| Medications that should be avoided or dose reduced with decreased kidney function | ||||
| Spironolactone | 5 (5.5) | 7 (7.7) | 6 (6.7) | 4 (4.4) |
*
P < .05;
CNS: central nervous system