Table 2.

Summary of the effects of exercise training on asymmetry and symmetry outcomes, method of calculation, and the results of the 9 articles reviewed, grouped by training modality as resistance, aerobic, and combined exercise.

References	Asymmetry and symmetry outcomes	Calculation	Δ Asymmetry and symmetry outcomes (EX 1, EX2, Con)
Resistance exercise (n = 5)
Liu et al., 2016	Dynamic WB*†	Non-paretic side/paretic side	1.70, NA, 0.06
Sheikh et al., 2016	Static WB† Swing time Stance time Step length Gait symmetry ratio	% of total body weight supported by paretic limb Larger swing time/smaller swing time Larger stance time/smaller stance time Larger step length/smaller step length [(Paretic swing time/paretic stance time)]/[(non-paretic swing time/non-paretic stance time)]	9.86, NA, 2.43 0.32, NA, 0.20 0.03, NA, −0.03 0.14, NA. 0.06 0.51, NA, 0.26
Kim et al., 2015	Gait symmetry ratio*†	[(Paretic swing time/paretic stance time)]/[(non-paretic swing time/non-paretic stance time)]	2.69, 2.87, 2.59
Sungkarat et al., 2011	Step length† Single-support time† Static WB†	|1- (affected side/unaffected side)| |1- (affected side/unaffected side)| % of total body weight carried by affected limb	1.03, NA, 0.22 0.14, NA, 0.01 9.20, NA, 0.70
Tung et al., 2010	Static WB*	% of total body weight supported by affected limb	4.9, NA, 1.7
Aerobic exercise (n = 3)
Lewek et al., 2018	Step length* Stance time	Paretic/non-paretic limb Paretic/non-paretic limb	−0.02, −0.06, −0.06 0.00, −0.01, −0.00
e Silva et al., 2017	Swing time	Paretic swing time/non-paretic swing time	0.02, NA, −0.21
Escudero-Uribe et al., 2017	Step length*†	Not provided	−1.50, −0.80, 0.40
Combined exercise (n = 1)
Kim et al., 2017	Gait symmetry ratio*†	[(Paretic swing time/paretic stance time)]/[(non-paretic swing time/non-paretic stance time)]	−0.78, −1.9, −0.08

Δ asymmetry and symmetry outcomes: absolute change in asymmetry and symmetry outcomes from pre to post; Ex 1, experimental group 1; Ex 2, experimental group 2; Con, control group; NA, not applicable; WB, weight bearing;

^*, statistically significant within group difference; p < 0.05;

^†, statistically significant between group difference, p < 0.05.