Table 4.

Dissimilarities in the microbial community composition across different groups as determined by analysis of similarities (ANOSIM).

Cultivation years	Bacteria		Fungi
	R	p	R	p
G2–G5	0.278	0.046	0.300	0.047
G5–G9	0.834	0.001	0.626	0.001
G2–G9	0.888	0.007	0.980	0.011

An R-value near +1 indicates that dissimilarity was observed between the groups, whereas an R-value near 0 indicates that no significant dissimilarity was observed between the groups. p < 0.05 indicates significant dissimilarity; G2, G5, and G9 indicate soil samples from 2-year, 5-year, and 9-year-old ginseng plants, respectively.